Identification and characterization of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from durian growing soil in the Central Highlands, Vietnam
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Durian cultivation is being developed and expanded in the Central Highlands because of its high economic value. The farmers commonly apply pesticides and chemical fertilizers to control diseases and help durian plants growth. However, an alternate approach, using biological products from microorganisms is a sustainable direction for durian cultivation. In particular, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is widely used in many countries to support crops and increase productivity. This study aimed to isolate native Pseudomonas strains from durian orchards in the Central Highlands and investigate some of their characteristics affecting the growth of durian trees. As a result, four bacterial isolates were identified by morphology, biochemical analysis, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis, including TD-Dak Lak, DN-Lam Dong, T1-Dak Nong, and DT-Gia Lai belonging to P. fluorescens, P. mosselii, P. monteilii, and P. putida. The survey of nitrogen fixation, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, siderophore, and phosphorus solubilization abilities of the four strains showed that all of them were capable of N2 fixation (3.03 to 3.69 mol/mL), IAA production (11.63 to 54.88 μg/mL), solubilizing phosphate (1.43 to 2.26 cm halo ring), and siderophore production. Three strains of P. putida, P. fluorescens, and P. monteilii increased the germination length of durian seeds by 13.6%, 12.2%, and 9.2%, respectively. All four Pseudomonas strains increased plant height from 4.25 to 5.66 cm, and the average number of leaves varied from 2.4 to 3.2 leaves, compared to 1.5 leaves in the control at 90 days. The results indicate that four P. fluorescens (TD-Dak Lak), P. putida (DT-Gia Lai), P. mosselii (DN-Lam Dong), and P. monteilii (T1-Dak Nong) were beneficial biological agents that can promote the growth and development of durian trees.
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