Thái Nguyễn Diễm Hương * , Phạm Thị Thùy Dương , Nguyễn Thành Lộc & Trần Hoàng Nhuận Phát

* Correspondence: Thái Nguyễn Diễm Hương (email: diemhuong_tn@hcmuaf.edu.vn)

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Tóm tắt

This research aimed to assess the fertilizer practices during the fruitbearing stage of durian cultivation. A total of 60 durian farmers in Cai Lay district were interviewed using structured questionnaires. Subsequently, 20 soil samples (0 - 50 cm) were collected from durian orchards post-harvest to analyze basic physical-chemical properties. Findings revealed substantial variation in fertilizer utilization among durian orchards in the Cai Lay district, Tien Giang province, with 68.18% employing imported organic fertilizers. The application of inorganic fertilizers displayed an imbalanced pattern, notably characterized by excessive phosphorus supplementation. Primary use of inorganic fertilizers was in the form of multi-macronutrient (NPK) formulations, strategically applied during critical developmental stages, including new shoot emergence, flowering, and fruit development. The practice of incorporating lime, applied as limestone directly to the soil surface post-harvest, combined with extensive chemical fertilizer use, led to be acidic to very acidic soil. The soil analysis indicated that the soil in the durian orchards prominently exhibited a heavy mechanical composition classified as clay, clay loam and loam. Despite farmers’ attention to applying organic fertilizer on durian, the content of organic matter in the soil remained low (1.4 - 3.8%). The soil in the study area demonstrated varying levels of total and available nutrients, with total nitrogen ranging from 0.15% to 0.25%, total potassium (K2O) from 1.7% to 1.9%, and exchangeable K from 0.4 to 0.8 meq/100 g. Additionally, exchangeable calcium ranged from 5.5 to 9.5 meq/100 g, and exchangeable magnesium from 1.7 to 3.7 meq/100 g. The phosphorus content was notably high, with total phosphorus ranging from 0.13% to 0.23% and available phosphorus from 39.4 to 81.6 mg/100g. Cation exchange capacity varied from low to medium, spanning from 11.6 to 19.8 meq/100 g.

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