This study aimed to identify suitable host plants for propagating Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) commonly found in durian rhizosphere soil in Cai Lay district, Tien Giang province. Durian root and rhizosphere soil samples were collected from orchards aged over 15 years post-harvest, where no fertilizer was applied for the subsequent season, and the predominant genus of AMF was selected for propagation. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) in a greenhouse, comprising four treatments, including three different host plants (Durio zibethinus Murr. - durian, Zea mays - maize, Sorghum sp. - sorghum), and a control treatment without a host plant. The results indicated that Glomus was the predominant genus of AMF in the durian rhizosphere soil, characterized by globose to subglobose spores with a smooth surface, ranging in color from light yellow to orange and yellow-brown, and a spore diameter ranging from 45 to 110 µm with 2 to 3 layers of spore wall. Overall, there was no significant difference in spore characteristics after one propagation cycle. The experiment suggested that maize and sorghum were suitable host plants for propagating the Glomus genus in durian rhizosphere soil, with AMF colonized root percentages of 87.79 and 93.93%, respectively. Notably, sorghum exhibited the highest increase in spore production, with the number of spores increasing by up to 66.16 times compared to before the experiment.

This study was carried out to evaluate the potential effects of organic acid and essential oil supplemented diets on growth performance and resistance to infection with Aeromonas hydrophila of snakehead fish (Channa striata). A total of 600 healthy snakehead fish (15 ± 2 g) were randomly divided into four experimental variants with three replicates, and fed diets supplemented with different levels of organic acid and essential oil (T1: 0 mL/kg of feed; T2: 2.5 mL organic acid/kg of feed; T3: 1.0 mL essential oil/kg of feed; and T4: 2.5 mL organic acid and 1 mL essential oil/kg of feed) for 10 weeks. At the end of the trial, the challenge test with Aeromonas hydrophila was conducted for 2 weeks. The results indicated that growth performance and survival rate of fish were not significantly improved by the organic acid and essential oil supplement (P > 0.05). However, there was a tendency to have an increased survival rate in treatments supplemented with the organic acid and essential oil. For the challenge test, the mortality rates in treatments supplemented with the combination of the organic acid and essential oil were lower and significant difference than those of the control treatment (P < 0.05). These results suggested that the organic acid and essential oil supplements in diets may help to improve health status of snakehead fish through reducing pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila in the intestinal tract.

The present study aimed to investigate the antibody titers to infectious bursal disease and histopathology of the bursa of Fabricius in broilers on field trips. A total of 225 Ross 308 chickens were randomly selected from ten farms with different diets and medical care programs. Birds were sacrificed at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days old to determine the bursa/body weight ratio. Bursal tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and used to evaluate bursa histological properties. Blood samples were analyzed by ELISA for the presence of antibody against infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus. Results showed that all birds had protective antibody titers against IBDV from 1 to 14 days old, except birds at day 14 of farms 3 and 5 (245.6 and 342.2, respectively). Likewise, no birds in this study were protective antibody titers against IBDV on day 28, except farms 6 and 10 (821.8 ± 452.2 and 425.1 ± 229.4, respectively). In the present study, the bursa weights of broilers gradually increased from 1 to 28 days old. At 28 days of age, the lowest bursa weight and bursa index were 1.61 g and 0.12%, respectively, while the highest ones were 2.70 g and 0.21%, respectively. The histopathological score of the bursa was not significantly different across all farms. In general, antibody titers against IBD and histopathological score of the bursa do not appear to be affected by dietary supplementation in broiler chickens under various husbandry practices examined in this study, therefore, it is difficult to explain whether feed supplementation on broiler farms can boost antibodies to IBD disease.

Vitamins C (L-ascorbic acid) and E (α-tocopherol) are essential micronutrients and antioxidants in feeds for various aquatic animals. This review compiles and analyzes the studies that focus on the effects and interactions between vitamins C and E on the growth, health, and body composition of different aquaculture species. As can be seen, vitamins C and E are indispensable nutrients for almost all aquaculture species. Information on their nutritional requirements and effects on aquatic animals has been examined and limited to several aquaculture species. Numerous studies have shown the vital roles of vitamins C and E in antioxidative functions. However, many other studies have also indicated that supplementing vitamins C and E in diets positively affects the growth performance, health, and body composition of aquaculture species. The review summarizes the documented findings related to the roles of dietary vitamins C and E in aquaculture. This study provides valuable information for nutritionists, feed mills, and other related institutions, as well as the effective use of these vitamins in the aquafeed industry.

Bacterial wilt disease, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, causes significant loss to cucumber production in the Mekong Delta. In this study, the antibacterial activity of 95 strains against Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum strain T2C-Rasto was tested by the agar well method. Under laboratory conditions, three Trichoderma strains involving DN7.5, DN2.6, and DN30.7 showed strong inhibitory activity against Ralstonia pseusolanacearum strain T2C-Rasto with effectiveness of 74.29, 67.63, 67.63%, respectively. Under In vivo conditions, Trichoderma strain DN7.5 showed the highest effectiveness against Ralstonia pseusolanacearum strain T2C Rasto, reducing disease incidence by 26.67% after 14 days without affecting cucumber plant growth. The ITS (internal transcribed space) + 26S rRNA gene region of Trichoderma strain DN7.5 showed 98.13 - 98.38% sequence similarity with ITS sequence of Trichoderma asperellum strains (MF363050.1 - OM515036.1). Generally, Trichoderma strain DN7.5 has the potential for further research on the mechanisms of suppression against Ralstonia pseusolanacearum strain T2C-Rasto.