The Journal of Agriculture and Development

●The Journal of Agriculture and Development (JAD) is a peer reviewed journal publishing novel and significant research in a wide range of topics such as Agribusiness and Economics, Agricultural Mechanics, Agronomy and Forestry Sciences, Animal Sciences, Aquaculture and Fisheries, Biotechnology, Environmental and Natural Resources, Food Science and Technology, and Veterinary Medicine. The JAD is an open access journal that includes primary research, review articles, short communications, and special invited papers. We also publish special issues which focus on the current emerging topics in agricultural sciences.

●The JAD (the formerly named Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology) is published in 6 issues per year (4 issues in Vietnamese with English abstracts and 2 issues in English). The journal has published over 19 volumes since 2002. From 06/2018, the Journal started to publish online issues in two languages (English and Vietnamese).

●Period of publication: Issue 1 (FEB), Issue 2 (APR), Issue 3 (JUN, English), Issue 4 (AUG), Issue 5 (OCT), Issue 6 (DEC, English)

●The Journal's number of articles per issue ranges from 6 to 12.

●Publisher: Nong Lam University, HCMC (NLU)

Fertilizer practices and soil properties in durian orchards during the fruit-bearing stage: A case in Cai Lay district, Tien Giang province

Huong N. D. Thai, Duong T. T. Pham, Loc T. Nguyen, & Phat H. N. Tran
Electronic version: 26 Jun 2025 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.2.03.2025
Abstract | PDF (139.3K)

Abstract

This research aimed to assess the fertilizer practices during the fruitbearing stage of durian cultivation. A total of 60 durian farmers in Cai Lay district were interviewed using structured questionnaires. Subsequently, 20 soil samples (0 - 50 cm) were collected from durian orchards post-harvest to analyze basic physical-chemical properties. Findings revealed substantial variation in fertilizer utilization among durian orchards in the Cai Lay district, Tien Giang province, with 68.18% employing imported organic fertilizers. The application of inorganic fertilizers displayed an imbalanced pattern, notably characterized by excessive phosphorus supplementation. Primary use of inorganic fertilizers was in the form of multi-macronutrient (NPK) formulations, strategically applied during critical developmental stages, including new shoot emergence, flowering, and fruit development. The practice of incorporating lime, applied as limestone directly to the soil surface post-harvest, combined with extensive chemical fertilizer use, led to be acidic to very acidic soil. The soil analysis indicated that the soil in the durian orchards prominently exhibited a heavy mechanical composition classified as clay, clay loam and loam. Despite farmers’ attention to applying organic fertilizer on durian, the content of organic matter in the soil remained low (1.4 - 3.8%). The soil in the study area demonstrated varying levels of total and available nutrients, with total nitrogen ranging from 0.15% to 0.25%, total potassium (K2O) from 1.7% to 1.9%, and exchangeable K from 0.4 to 0.8 meq/100 g. Additionally, exchangeable calcium ranged from 5.5 to 9.5 meq/100 g, and exchangeable magnesium from 1.7 to 3.7 meq/100 g. The phosphorus content was notably high, with total phosphorus ranging from 0.13% to 0.23% and available phosphorus from 39.4 to 81.6 mg/100g. Cation exchange capacity varied from low to medium, spanning from 11.6 to 19.8 meq/100 g.

Evaluation of the incompatible prevalence by blood crossmatching tests in dogs

Thuong T. Nguyen, Hoa T. Q. Nguyen, & Khanh N. Dinh
Electronic version: 26 Jun 2025 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.6.03.2025
Abstract | PDF (97.1K)

Abstract

Crossmatching is one of the most important tests before a transfusion in small animal practice, helping to reduce the risk of post-transfusion reaction in dogs with unknown or experienced blood transfusion history. In this study, crossmatching assessments were performed after washing and resuspending the collected blood. Two types of crossmatching methods was conducted: major crossmatching and minor crossmatching. Based on an agglutination reaction, crossmatching allows the detection of naturally occurring alloantibodies or alloantibodies produced as a consequence of sensitization. In this study, there were 10 incompatible cases in total of 26 cases of dogs taken to the veterinary hospital and Greyhounds (incompatible rate 38.46%). The results showed that higher proportions of incompatible cases were recorded in group of dogs from 1 to 5 years old (26.92%), body weight from 5 - 10 kg (19.23%), female (23.08%), foreign breeds (34.62%), commercial feed (34.62%) and in-house (23.08%). The dogs in the same house or neighborhood, there were 38 incompatible cases in the total of 134 cases (28.36)%), in which the highest proportion was found in dogs from 1 - 5 years old had (13.43%), female (15.67%), and foreign breeds (15.67%). In the management groups, in-house dogs had a lowerproportion of incompatibility with each other than cage-free dogs, with 2.24% and 26.12% respectively. Although the results indicated that age, body weight, gender, and breed did not affect the pre-transfusion crossmatching results, it is necessary to perform the crossmatching test before a transfusion to reduce the risk of hemolytic transfusion reactions in dogs.

Plant growth promoting and biocontrol efficacy of Pseudomonas spp. for tomato root rot disease caused by Fusarium solani

Huyen T. N. Pham, Hanh T. M. Nguyen, Nhu T. N. Tran, Mai N. Pham, Dat M. Phan, Dam T. Le, Hue T. T. Vo, & Phong V. Nguyen
Electronic version: 26 Jun 2025 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.9.03.2025
Abstract | PDF (472.3K)

Abstract

Root rot disease in tomatoes caused by Fusarium solani is one of the most serious diseases and causes severe problems in all tomato growing regions. Pseudomonas is a genus of bacteria capable of synthesizing valuable active compounds, promoting plant growth, and controlling disease-causing fungi. This study aimed to evaluate the plant growth- promoting potential of selected bacterial strains from the Pseudomonas genus and their ability to prevent the occurrence of Fusarium solani, the fungus responsible for tomato root rot disease. In vitro experiments were conducted to assess the characteristics and effects related to plant growth promoting of the tested Pseudomonas strains. The antagonistic capability of the bacteria against the fungi was also evaluated by measuring mycelial growth inhibition. Greenhouse conditions were used to evaluate the effectiveness of Pseudomonas as a soil treatment for plant growth promoting and reducing the severity of tomato root rot disease. The results demonstrated a positive influence of Pseudomonas spp. on the growth and development of tomato plants, with Pseudomonas spp. PN05 exhibited the most significant impact. Moreover, both strains Pseudomonas spp. PN02 and PN05 exhibited inhibitory effects on F. solani in vitro and under greenhouse conditions, limiting root rot disease in tomato plants with a control efficiency ranging from 48.3 to 62.2%.

Identification and characterization of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from durian growing soil in the Central Highlands, Vietnam

Van T. Tran, Thu L. Vo, Nhi L. T. Nguyen, Khang N. Nguyen, Toan Q. Dinh, & Don D. Le
Electronic version: 26 Jun 2025 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.8.03.2025
Abstract | PDF (530.7K)

Abstract

Durian cultivation is being developed and expanded in the Central Highlands because of its high economic value. The farmers commonly apply pesticides and chemical fertilizers to control diseases and help durian plants growth. However, an alternate approach, using biological products from microorganisms is a sustainable direction for durian cultivation. In particular, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is widely used in many countries to support crops and increase productivity. This study aimed to isolate native Pseudomonas strains from durian orchards in the Central Highlands and investigate some of their characteristics affecting the growth of durian trees. As a result, four bacterial isolates were identified by morphology, biochemical analysis, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis, including TD-Dak Lak, DN-Lam Dong, T1-Dak Nong, and DT-Gia Lai belonging to P. fluorescens, P.  mosselii, P. monteilii, and P. putida. The survey of nitrogen fixation, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, siderophore, and phosphorus solubilization abilities of the four strains showed that all of them were capable of N2 fixation (3.03 to 3.69 mol/mL), IAA production (11.63 to 54.88 μg/mL), solubilizing phosphate (1.43 to 2.26 cm halo ring), and siderophore production. Three strains of P. putida, P. fluorescens, and P. monteilii increased the germination length of durian seeds by 13.6%, 12.2%, and 9.2%, respectively. All four Pseudomonas strains increased plant height from 4.25 to 5.66 cm, and the average number of leaves varied from 2.4 to 3.2 leaves, compared to 1.5 leaves in the control at 90 days. The results indicate that four P. fluorescens (TD-Dak Lak), P. putida (DT-Gia Lai), P. mosselii (DN-Lam Dong), and P. monteilii (T1-Dak Nong) were beneficial biological agents that can promote the growth and development of durian trees.

Effect of urban agriculture on the quality of urban life: A review

Babatunde S. Adedotun, Martin B. Gasu, Ismail A. Oyerinde, Dele S. Ogundahunsi, & Oluwatoyin D. Adedotun
Electronic version: 26 Jun 2025 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.10.03.2025
Abstract | PDF (257.6K)

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to conduct an extensive literature review concerning the correlation between Urban agriculture and the quality of life of individuals residing in urban areas. Employing established systematic review protocols, the study gathered data from a wide array of renowned databases, such as Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The criteria for inclusion were determined based on the applicability to the themes of urban agriculture and quality of life, publication within the time frame of 2010 to 2022, and availability in the English language. The synthesis included a comprehensive examination of 20 scholarly papers that were peer-reviewed. The economic impacts suggest that urban agriculture has the capacity to produce earnings, decrease household food costs, and promote local economies. Urban agriculture actively encouraged community engagement, tackled social concerns, and nurtured interpersonal connections. In terms of health, urban agriculture played a role in ensuring food security and improving physical well-being. Urban agriculture’s environmental impacts include its beneficial influence on urban ecosystems, its reduction of carbon emissions as well as its efforts to combat air and noise pollution. Urban agriculture functioned as a cultural medium, facilitating the connection between persons and their ancestry, fostering agricultural expertise, and serving as a cultural hub. Negative externalities include resource exploitation, contamination as well as ecosystem disruption. This study offers an in-depth understanding of the many effects of urban agriculture on the quality of life of urban people. The analysis adds to the existing pool of information, providing insights into the potential of urban agriculture to improve several aspects of humans’ well-being in urban environments.
Most Read
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    Electronic version: 30 Jun 2020 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.2.03.2020
    Abstract | PDF (260.1K)

    Abstract

    Clitoria ternatea L. is a plant species that can be used in food and pharmaceutical industry. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different plant spacing on the productivity and quality of butterfly pea grown on grey soil in Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City. Six treatments correspond to plant spacing of 80 x 15 cm, 80 x 20 cm, 80 x 25 cm, 80 x 30 cm, 80 x 35 cm and 80 x 40 cm. The results showed that the highest flower amount (296.8 flowers/plant) was obtained with butterfly pea planted at the spacing of 80 x 15 cm, commercial flower weight (7.86 g/100 flowers), theoretical yield of fresh flower (1,779.0 kg/1,000 m2, actual yield of fresh flower (841.9 kg/1,000 m2), theoretical yield of commercial flower (194.6 kg/1,000 m2 and actual yield of commercial flower (89.0 kg/1,000 m2. Nevertheless, plant spacings did not affect the dry matter ratio, anthocyanin and tannin content in the commercial butterfly flowers.
  • Investigation of fermentation conditions for Candida bombicola ACTT22214 from molasses and soybean oil for sophorolipid production
    Electronic version: 31 Dec 2018 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.7.06.2018
    Abstract | PDF (260.1K)

    Abstract

    Sophorolipid (SL) is a biosurfactant belonging to the glycolipids group and was produced by harmless Candida bombicola ACTT22214 and has been widely used in many fields in our life. In order to search for appropriate condition for C. bombicola fermentation producing SL with high efficiency, this study focused on the investigation of the soy oil concentration, molasses concentration, fermentation time, pH and temperature. SL products were tested for antimicrobial activity, antioxidant, emulsifier, foaming ability. The highest content of SL was 43.27 ± 0.30 g/L under conditions of: soybean oil content 5%, molasses content 150 g/L, fermentation time 7 days, pH = 5, 28oC fermentation temperature. The antibacterial activity of SL was good: the highest resistance to Candida albicans (16.33 ± 1.15 mm), good resistance to Bacillus spizizenii (13.67 ± 0.58 mm), resistance to Staphylococcus aureus (12.67 ± 1.15 mm), relatively weak resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.33 ± 0.58 mm) and Escherichia coli (9.67 ± 0.58 mm). The antioxidant capacity of SL was quite high with an IC50 value of 6.024 mg/mL. The emulsifying capacity of SL was equivalent to the emulsification of the tween 20 at a concentration of 5 – 10 mg/mL. SL had the ability to foam evenly from concentrations of 5 to 20 mg/mL but not higher than the corresponding concentrations of tween 20, SL was smooth, even, stable longer than tween 20.
  • Detecting toxin genes of Clostridium perfringens isolated from diarrhea piglets using multiplex PCR
    Electronic version: 31 Dec 2018 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.4.06.2018
    Abstract | PDF (260.1K)

    Abstract

    Clostridium perfringens is currently classified into five types (A, B, C, D, E) based on the different toxins produced. TypeA and C are known as the causative agent of enteritis and enterotoxemia in newborn and young piglets with severe intestinal lesions including edema, hemorrhage and necrosis. A multiplex PCR (mPCR) was developed in order to quickly and early determine the presence of genotypes of C. perfringens based on their genes of cpa, cpb, cpb2 and cpe encoding alpha toxin, beta toxin, beta2 toxin and enterotoxin with predicted products of 324 bp, 196 bp, 107 bp and 257 bp respectively. The detection limit of the mPCR assay was 1 × 103 copies/reaction for each gene. Sequencing of mPCR products performed with clinical samples collected from C. perfringens suspected pigs showed that the mPCR test functioned specifically. In conclusion, the developed mPCR test successfully detected the presence of genes cpa, cpb, cpb2 and cpe in the examined samples. Analysis of the bacteria isolated from field samples of diarrheal piglets collected in this study indicated that C. perfringens carrying gene cpa counted for 96.66% and 3.33% was identified as C. perfringens carrying genes cpa and cpb concurrently. Gene cpe was not found in this study, while gene cpb2 was detected coincidently in 73.33% of the samples with cpa gene. The results indicate that the prevalence of these four toxin genes is cpa, cpb2, cpb and cpe in decending order.
  • The use of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) in domestic wastewater treatment
    Electronic version: 28 Jun 2018 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.7.03.2018
    Abstract | PDF (260.1K)

    Abstract

    The main objective of this study was to examine the efficacy and capacity of using hydroponic systems in municipal  pollutant removal at household scale. Three pilot scaled hydroponic systems [dimensionfor each system: 4.5 m (L) x Φ 114 mm] were installed to investigate the optimal age of vegetable, planting density and retention time for household wastewater treatment, respectively. Water spinach (Ipomoeaaquatica) planted in 27 plastic cups throughout 4.5-m-length and 114- mm-diameter uPVC pipes filled with wastewater was employed as the treating agent of pollutants. The averaged influent contained proximately 32.5 mg/L suspended solids (SS), 76.0 mg/L biological oxygen demand (BOD5), 220.5 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD), 26mg/L NH4+, 5.0 mg/L NO3−, and 8.5 mg/L PO43− at pH 7.3. Results showed that a designed system consisting of 10 plants of 15-day-old water spinach pre-planted in baked clay in each cup was capable oftreating 30 L of domestic wastewater meeting the current municipal wastewater discharge standards in Vietnam (column A standards of QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT) after 4 days of wastewater retention time. Ifoperated under conditions of the above parameters, the pilot-plant hydroponic system can achieve the removal of 65% SS, 82% BOD5, 74% COD, 90% NH4+, 30% NO3− and 86% PO43−. The result of this studyhas provided an applicable domestic wastewater treatment system ecofriendly and suitable for small and medium household areas.
  • Field assessment of the efficacy of M.B., LIBDV and Winterfield 2512 strain vaccines against infectious bursal disease in chickens
    Electronic version: 31 Dec 2018 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.3.06.2018
    Abstract | PDF (260.1K)

    Abstract

    Live virus vaccines are very important parts of the prevention of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) in chickens. However, the successful IBD vaccination depends on IBD field pressure, vaccination technique, the immune status of the chicken, and especially IBDV strains used in the vaccines which are able to break through a higher level of maternal-derived antibodies (MDA). The objective of this field study was to compare the efficacy of a new vaccine based on M.B. strain to other commercial vaccines (LIBDV and winterfiled 2512) in terms of speed of antibody immune response and interference to Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccination. Six houses of broilers, each with 15,000 to 16,000 chickens, were divided into two groups: (1) vaccinated with M.B. strain (group A) and (2) vaccinated with LIBDV or 2512 strains (group B). Blood samples were collected prior to the 1st IBD vaccination, and at 21, 28 and 35 days of age for IBD and ND antibodies. Comparison of lesion scores and uniformity of the bursa of Fabricius (BF) at 28 and 35 days of age was carried out. Results showed that both groups had good immune responses, but group A showed significantly higher IBD antibody titers at 28 and 35 days of age. Antibody titers for ND and histopathological lesion scores of the BF were not significantly different between the 2 groups. The BF in group A was more uniform and had fewer lesions when compared with that in group B. In conclusion, the IBD vaccine with an M.B. strain can provide better immunological efficacy than LIBDV and 2512 strains.