The Journal of Agriculture and Development

●The Journal of Agriculture and Development (JAD) is a peer reviewed journal publishing novel and significant research in a wide range of topics such as Agribusiness and Economics, Agricultural Mechanics, Agronomy and Forestry Sciences, Animal Sciences, Aquaculture and Fisheries, Biotechnology, Environmental and Natural Resources, Food Science and Technology, and Veterinary Medicine. The JAD is an open access journal that includes primary research, review articles, short communications, and special invited papers. We also publish special issues which focus on the current emerging topics in agricultural sciences.

●The JAD (the formerly named Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology) is published in 6 issues per year (4 issues in Vietnamese with English abstracts and 2 issues in English). The journal has published over 19 volumes since 2002. From 06/2018, the Journal started to publish online issues in two languages (English and Vietnamese).

●Period of publication: Issue 1 (FEB), Issue 2 (APR), Issue 3 (JUN, English), Issue 4 (AUG), Issue 5 (OCT), Issue 6 (DEC, English)

●The Journal's number of articles per issue ranges from 6 to 12.

●Publisher: Nong Lam University, HCMC (NLU)

Effects of 6-benziladenine, thidiazuron, and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid on the in vitro callus formation and shoot multiplication from leaves of Mai vang (Ochna integerrima) HD01 line

Kiet C. Nguyen, Duy M. Pham, Van H. Phan, Tri M. Bui, & Hau T. Le
Electronic version: 07 May 2025 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.6.01.2024
Abstract | PDF (2.1M)

Abstract

Mai vang (Ochna integerrima (Lour.) Merr.) not only is a popular ornamental plant but also possesses numerous valuable herbal properties. An exceptional line, the HD01, was bred by adept florists at the Binh Loi Mai village, Ho Chi Minh City. The objective of this research was to determine the optimal 6-benziladenine (BA), thidiazuron (TDZ) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) concentrations appropriate for callus formation from leaf samples and regeneration of shoots from callus of the HD01 cultivar in in vitro condition. The study including two experiments was arranged in a completely randomized design with one factor and two factors, respectively. For callus induction, the culture medium supplemented with concentrations of TDZ combined with concentrations of NAA was used, while to induce shoots, concentrations of BA combined with concentrations of NAA were added to the medium. The results indicated that 0.2 mg/L TDZ combined with 0.25 mg/L NAA on the base of MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplemented with 7 g/L agar and 30 g/L sugar gave 100% callus formation rate after 17.6 days, with the largest callus diameter (2.7 cm) and highest callus mass (2.4 g) after 60 days of culture. The leaf-derived callus produced the best results when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 7 g/L agar, 30 g/L sugar, and a combination of 1 mg/L BA and 0.25 mg/L NAA, forming shoot clusters with the height of 2.2 cm, an average of 8.5 shoots per cluster and 9.7 leaves per cluster after 60 days of culture. Based on these results, a preliminary protocol for Mai vang HD01 micropropagation was established.

Classification of pet owners based on knowledge attitude and practice about rabies and its vaccination in Duc Hue, Long An province during the period 2021 - 2023

Bao D. Truong, Dung T. T. Nguyen, Mai T. Duong, Phuong T. H. To, Son H. Ly, Minh D. Vo, Loan P. B. Tran, Trang T. P. Nguyen, Thong Q. Le, Linh N. Nguyen, Tuyen V. Cao, Thanh Vo, Oanh T. K. Vo, & Khanh T. M. Nguyen
Electronic version: 07 May 2025 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.6.03.2024
Abstract | PDF (254.5K)

Abstract

Rabies manifests is a zoonotic ailment affecting both humans and carnivorous animals. The administration of rabies vaccination, particularly to domesticated animals such as dogs and cats, is an efficacious prophylactic measure for safeguarding the optimal health of both animal and human populations. The conscientiousness of pet owners regarding rabies vaccination significantly contributes to the effectiveness of rabies prevention initiatives. A comprehensive survey employing the Knowledge-Attitude-Practices framework was undertaken among owners of dogs and cats to appraise the efficacy of the three-year rabies vaccination program spanning 2021 to 2023 in Duc Hue district, Long An province. The primary objectives of this inquiry were to succinctly delineate the program’s outcomes and to gauge the evolution of awareness and behavioral patterns among dog and cat owners. The survey adopted a nuanced approach by categorizing participants into sub-groups, emphasizing the differentiation of outcomes across these delineated groups. Findings indicated that the vaccine coverage exceeded 80% within Duc Hue, Long An province’s dog and cat population in 2023. The analytical assessment consistently identified three to four discernible population clusters annually, based on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice scores, focusing on their alignment with the overall mean within the population. Additionally, specific attention was directed towards clusters exhibiting lower scores, with a location and occupation. Identifying these clusters necessitates further exploration and warrants the development of more tailored communication and approach strategies to optimize the efficacy of the ongoing vaccination campaign.

Optimization of alkali-catalyzed organosolv treatment of spent coffee grounds for obtaining polysaccharides

Duong T. T. Nguyen, Sang V. Nguyen, Dong N. T. Le, Anh T. V. Nguyen, & Ly T. P. Trinh
Electronic version: 07 May 2025 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.6.04.2024
Abstract | PDF (2.7M)

Abstract

The coffee industry is growing rapidly and generating increasing amounts of spent coffee grounds annually. Spent coffee grounds contain high levels of polysaccharide, which needs in-depth research to obtain and transform into value-added products. This study was carried out to optimize the alkali-catalyzed organosolv treatment of spent coffee grounds to enrich the polysaccharide content. A three-factor central composite design of the response surface model was used to optimize the treatment variables including reflux time, NaOH, and acetone concentration to yield the highest polysaccharide level. As a result, the maximum polysaccharide content was 73.13% obtained at a reflux time of 4.5 h, 62% acetone with 0.91% NaOH. The polysaccharide-rich material from spent coffee ground was composed of 39.37% mannan, 10.40% glucan, and 9.33% galactan. Partial removal of lignin and protein was observed during the treatment. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the spent coffee polysaccharides released the highest reducing sugars of 5583 mg/L using an enzyme cocktail containing 4% of cellulase and 1% of mannanase after 96 h. The enzymatic hydrolysate contained 3190 mg/L mannose and 1790 mg/L glucose, showing a feasible transformation of spent coffee polysaccharides.

Community-based ecotourism: A case study in Thanh Phu district, Ben Tre province, Vietnam

Thinh V. D. Nguyen, Vy T. H. Nguyen, Nhi T. C. Bui, & Diem T. N. Phan
Electronic version: 07 May 2025 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.6.06.2024
Abstract | PDF (2.1M)

Abstract

This study explored the potential and challenges of community based ecotourism in Thanh Phu district, Ben Tre province, Vietnam. By investigating 52 households involved in community-based ecotourism through the Participatory Rural Appraisal method and semi-structured interviews, it outlined the transformative impact of community-based ecotourism on the local community. The research underscored positive outcomes in economic growth, social equity, and cultural preservation while highlighting the imperative need for prudent management to mitigate environmental concerns and prevent unsustainable tourism growth. It advocated for a balanced approach that integrated economic development with environmental and cultural preservation strategies. The findings emphasize the importance of tailored solutions to navigate challenges and foster sustainable community-based ecotourism, ensuring long-term prosperity while safeguarding the district’s natural and cultural treasures.

Aerogel materials from sugarcane bagasse: the effect of additives

Van T. T. Le, Ty H. Nguyen, Chien M. D. Vu, & Phuong T. Nguyen
Electronic version: 07 May 2025 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.6.05.2024
Abstract | PDF (2.8M)

Abstract

Cellulose nano fibers (CNF) are being considered as potential material for producing aerogel, an advanced materials for filtration technology. In this study, CNF were extracted from the sugarcance bagasse (a common agricultural waste) using ultrasonic technology and then fabricated with different additives including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and graphene oxide (GO) to formulate aerogels. Various advanced techniques including polarized and scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and texture analyzer were applied to elaborate on the physicochsemical properties of the products. The obtained results revealed that aerogel had low bulk density (0.032 kg/m3; 0.035 kg/m3 & 0.041 kg/m3) and a high porosity (96.89%; 97.06% & 98.61%) when combined with PVA, PEG and GO, respectively. Among investigated samples, aerogel fabricated with GO had the highest mechanical resistance as well as the best elasticity.
Most Read
  • Detecting toxin genes of Clostridium perfringens isolated from diarrhea piglets using multiplex PCR
    Electronic version: 31 Dec 2018 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.4.06.2018
    Abstract | PDF (260.1K)

    Abstract

    Clostridium perfringens is currently classified into five types (A, B, C, D, E) based on the different toxins produced. TypeA and C are known as the causative agent of enteritis and enterotoxemia in newborn and young piglets with severe intestinal lesions including edema, hemorrhage and necrosis. A multiplex PCR (mPCR) was developed in order to quickly and early determine the presence of genotypes of C. perfringens based on their genes of cpa, cpb, cpb2 and cpe encoding alpha toxin, beta toxin, beta2 toxin and enterotoxin with predicted products of 324 bp, 196 bp, 107 bp and 257 bp respectively. The detection limit of the mPCR assay was 1 × 103 copies/reaction for each gene. Sequencing of mPCR products performed with clinical samples collected from C. perfringens suspected pigs showed that the mPCR test functioned specifically. In conclusion, the developed mPCR test successfully detected the presence of genes cpa, cpb, cpb2 and cpe in the examined samples. Analysis of the bacteria isolated from field samples of diarrheal piglets collected in this study indicated that C. perfringens carrying gene cpa counted for 96.66% and 3.33% was identified as C. perfringens carrying genes cpa and cpb concurrently. Gene cpe was not found in this study, while gene cpb2 was detected coincidently in 73.33% of the samples with cpa gene. The results indicate that the prevalence of these four toxin genes is cpa, cpb2, cpb and cpe in decending order.
  • The effects of plant spacing on yield and quality of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) cultivated in organic-oriented farming system on grey soil
    Electronic version: 30 Jun 2020 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.2.03.2020
    Abstract | PDF (260.1K)

    Abstract

    Clitoria ternatea L. is a plant species that can be used in food and pharmaceutical industry. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different plant spacing on the productivity and quality of butterfly pea grown on grey soil in Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City. Six treatments correspond to plant spacing of 80 x 15 cm, 80 x 20 cm, 80 x 25 cm, 80 x 30 cm, 80 x 35 cm and 80 x 40 cm. The results showed that the highest flower amount (296.8 flowers/plant) was obtained with butterfly pea planted at the spacing of 80 x 15 cm, commercial flower weight (7.86 g/100 flowers), theoretical yield of fresh flower (1,779.0 kg/1,000 m2, actual yield of fresh flower (841.9 kg/1,000 m2), theoretical yield of commercial flower (194.6 kg/1,000 m2 and actual yield of commercial flower (89.0 kg/1,000 m2. Nevertheless, plant spacings did not affect the dry matter ratio, anthocyanin and tannin content in the commercial butterfly flowers.
  • The use of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) in domestic wastewater treatment
    Electronic version: 28 Jun 2018 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.7.03.2018
    Abstract | PDF (260.1K)

    Abstract

    The main objective of this study was to examine the efficacy and capacity of using hydroponic systems in municipal  pollutant removal at household scale. Three pilot scaled hydroponic systems [dimensionfor each system: 4.5 m (L) x Φ 114 mm] were installed to investigate the optimal age of vegetable, planting density and retention time for household wastewater treatment, respectively. Water spinach (Ipomoeaaquatica) planted in 27 plastic cups throughout 4.5-m-length and 114- mm-diameter uPVC pipes filled with wastewater was employed as the treating agent of pollutants. The averaged influent contained proximately 32.5 mg/L suspended solids (SS), 76.0 mg/L biological oxygen demand (BOD5), 220.5 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD), 26mg/L NH4+, 5.0 mg/L NO3−, and 8.5 mg/L PO43− at pH 7.3. Results showed that a designed system consisting of 10 plants of 15-day-old water spinach pre-planted in baked clay in each cup was capable oftreating 30 L of domestic wastewater meeting the current municipal wastewater discharge standards in Vietnam (column A standards of QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT) after 4 days of wastewater retention time. Ifoperated under conditions of the above parameters, the pilot-plant hydroponic system can achieve the removal of 65% SS, 82% BOD5, 74% COD, 90% NH4+, 30% NO3− and 86% PO43−. The result of this studyhas provided an applicable domestic wastewater treatment system ecofriendly and suitable for small and medium household areas.
  • Optimization of maltodextrin and carrageenan gum concentration added in spray drying process of Pouzolzia zeylanica extract by response surface methodology
    Electronic version: 28 Jun 2018 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.11.03.2018
    Abstract | PDF (260.1K)

    Abstract

    Pouzolzia zeylanica is a kind of medicinal plant which is generally cultivated in Mekong Delta region. It owns many bioactive compounds that are known to possess antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic properties. This study aimed to optimize additional carrier concentration for spray drying of Pouzolzia zeylanica extract. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was applied for optimization and investigation of the influence of maltodextrin (5÷15%, w/v) and carrageenan gum (0.06÷1.0%, w/v) concentration on the physicochemical characteristics of spray dried powder (bioactive compounds, moisture content as well as particle size distribution). The results showed that the optimum concentrations of maltodextrin and carrageenan gum were 8.8% w/v and 0.082% w/v, respectively. At these optimal conditions, the anthocyanin, flavonoid, polyphenol, tannin, moisture content and particle size of obtained spray dried powder were 5.77 mg cyanidin-3-glycoside equivalents (CE)/100 g; 29.49 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g; 28.35mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g; 27.44 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/g, 6.55% and 6.09 µm, respectively.
  • Case report of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in brachycephalic dogs from Veterinary Specialist Service Hospital, Australia
    Electronic version: 30 Jun 2020 | DOI: 10.52997/jad.5.03.2020
    Abstract | PDF (260.1K)

    Abstract

    This report aimed to study symptoms and causes of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in brachycephalic dogs and to determine appropriate surgical procedures for these symptoms by reviewing literatures and examining four case studies conducted at Veterinary Specialist Service Hospital, Underwood, Queensland, Australia. The cases included a 6-year 3-month old Staffordshire Bull Terrier (case 1), a 1-year 5-month old French Bulldog (case 2), an 8-month old French Bulldog (case 3), and an 8-year 8-month Pug (case 4). Those dogs went to the Veterinary Specialist Service in a worsen state of respiratory problems, including the upper respiratory noise (case 1, 2, 3), decrease in exercise tolerance, respiratory struggling (case 1, 3), regurgitation (case 1), coughing, sleeping difficulty, respiratory stridor (case 2), nasal discharge, dyspnea, bloating, and tachypnea (case 4). Examinations revealed the causes including the elongated soft palate (case 1, 2, 3, 4), stenotic nostrils (case 2, 3, 4), tonsils inflammation (case 3) and everted laryngeal saccules (case 4). After surgery, the dogs were recovered in intensive care unit within 2 days, and then discharged. Scheduled re-examination one week later showed improvement in the respiratory health in all cases. Overall, major complications occur in 10\% of cases; however, this surgery is vital and can be totally applied in Vietnam where brachycephalic dogs have become a popular companion.