Nhan T. Dinh *

* Correspondence: Dinh The Nhan (email: dtnhan@hcmuaf.edu.vn)

Main Article Content

Abstract

A study was conducted on Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae to evaluate the efficiency of different diets to replace Artemia nauplii in the feeding scheme. The study included two experiments performed at pilot scale in 12–L tanks using a recirculating system. Larval stocking density was 100 larvae/L. After 7 days of feeding by Artemia nauplii, different diets, included wet and dry diets and decapsulated Artemia cysts, were tested to replace Artemia nauplii. An extra treatment using only decapsulated Artemia cysts throughout the complete larval rearing was also included. The results showed that feeding larvae exclusively decapsulated cysts for the complete rearing cycle was not appropriate. When gradually replacing up to 50% of the Artemia nauplii ration with wet or dry diets, good results in terms of growth, survival and quality of the larvae were obtained, similar to the control treatment receiving only Artemia nauplii. However, abruptly replacing 50% of the Artemia nauplii ration with artificial diets negatively affected larval development. Weaning could start from larval stage V, with about 25% of the Artemia nauplii replaced with artificial diet. Subsequently, the weaning ration could be increased up to 50% from stage IX to postlarva stage. Artificial diets should be provided in different particle size ranges based on the larval stage, gradually increasing from 250 to 1000 µm from stage V to postlarva stage. The results obtained in the present study may aid future research and serve as a baseline for further optimization of feeding strategies in prawn larviculture.

Keywords: Artemia, Artificial diet, Larval rearing, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Weaning

Article Details

References

Armstrong, D. A., Chippendale, D., Knight, A. W., & Colt, J. E. (1978). Interaction of ionized and unionized ammonia on short term survival and growth of prawn larvae, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Biological Bulletin 154(1), 15-31.

Barros, H. P., & Valenti, W. C., (2003a). Ingestion rates of Artemia nauplii for different larval stages of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture 217(1-4), 223-233.

Barros, H. P., & Valenti, W. C. (2003b). Food intake of Macrobrachium rosenbergii during larval development. Aquaculture 216, 165-176.

Bengtson, D. A., Leger, P., & Sorgeloos, P. (1991). Use of Artemia as a food source for aquaculture. In Browne, R. A., Sorgeloos, P., and Trotman, C. N. A (Eds.). Artemia Biology (255-285). Florida, USA: CRC Press.

Bruggeman, E., Sorgeloos, P., & Vanhaecke, P. (1980). Improvements in the decapsulation technique of Artemia cysts. In Persoone, G. et al. (Eds.). The brine shrimp Artemia: Proceedings of the International Symposium on the brine shrimp Artemia salina (261-269). Wetteren, Belgium: Universa Press.

Corbin, J. S., Fujimoto, M. M., & Iwai, T. Y. J. (1983). Feeding practices and nutritional considerations for Macro brachium rosenbergii culture in Hawaii. In McVey, J. P., & Moore, J. R. (Eds., 391-442). CRC handbook of mariculture. Florida, USA: CRC Press.

Daniels, W. H., D’Abramo, L. R., & Parseval, L. D. (1992). Design and management of a closed, recirculating “clearwater” hatchery system for freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii De Man, 1879. Journal of Shellfish Research 11, 65-73.

GOV (Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam). Decision No. 79/QD-TTg dated 18 January, 2018. Introducing the national action plan on development of Vietnam’s shrimp industry by 2025.

Hien, T. T. T., Oanh, D. T. H., Viet, H. V., & Wilder, M. N. (2002). The effects of Vitamin C on the larvae of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Proceeding of the 2002 annual workshop of JIRCAS Mekong Delta Project (231-235).

Islam, M. S., Khan, M. S. A., & Ahmed, S. U. (2000). Observations on the larval rearing of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) by using different types of feed in Bangladesh coastal environment. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 3(10), 1790-1792.

Kamarudin, M. S., & Roustaian, P. (2002). Growth and fatty acid composition of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, larvae fed diets containing various ratios of cod liver oil-corn oil mixture. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 18(3), 148-153.

Kovalenko, E. E., Louis, R. D. A., Cortney, L. O., & Randal, K. B. (2002). A successful microbound diet for the larval culture of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture 210(1-4), 385-395.

Kumlu, M., & Jones, D. A. (1995). Feeding and digestion in the caridean shrimp larva of Palaemon elegans Rathke and Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) (Crustacea: Palaemonidae) on live and artificial diets. Aquaculture Nutrition 1(1), 3-12.

Kurmaly, K., Jones, D. A., Yule, A. B., & East, J. (1989). Comparative analyses of the growth and survival of Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) larvae, from protozoea 1 to postlarvae 1, on live feeds, artificial diets and on combination of both. Aquaculture 81(1), 27-45.

Lavens, P., & Sorgeloos, P. (1996). Manual on the production and use of live food for aquaculture. In Lavens, P. & Sorgeloos, P. (Eds). FAO Fisheries Technical Paper T361 (295). Rome, Italy.

Lavens, P., Thongrod, S., & Sorgeloos, P. (2000). Larval prawn feeds and the dietary importance of Artemia. In New, M. B., and Valenti, W. C. (Ed.). Freshwater Prawn Culture. Oxford, USA: Blackwell.

L ́eger, P., Bengtson, D. A., Sorgeloos, P., Simpson, K.L., & Beck, A. D., (1987a). The nutritional value of Artemia: a review. In Sorgeloos, P., Bengtson, D. A., Decleir, W., & Jaspers, E.). Artemia Research and its Applications (Volume 3). Ecology, Culturing, Use in Aquaculture. Wetteren, Belgium: Universa Press.

Maddox, M. B., & Manzi, J. J. (1976). The effects of algal supplements on static system culture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) larvae. Proceedings of the World Mariculture Society 7(1-4), 677-698.

Mock, C. R., Fontaine, C. T., & Revera, D. B. (1980). Improvements in rearing larval penaeid shrimp by the Galveston Laboratory method. In Persoone, G., et al. (Eds.). The brine shrimp Artemia: Proceedings of the International Symposium on the brine shrimp Artemia salina (331-342). Wetteren, Belgium: Universa Press.

Murthy, S. H., Tanuja, K., & Prakash, P. (2004). Hatchery production and grow out farming of freshwater farming in India: Recent developments. Seventh Asian Fisheries Forum Penang, Malaysia.

Murthy, S. H., Yogeeshababu, M. C., Thanuja, K. Prakash, P., & Shankar, R. (2008). Evaluation of Formulated Inert Larval Diets for Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Weaning From Artemia. Mediterranean Aquaculture Journal 1(1), 21- 25.

New, M. B. (2003). Farming freshwater prawns: a manual for the culture of the giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In New, M. B. (Ed.). FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 428 (145-146). Rome, Italy.

New, M. B. (1995). Status of freshwater prawn farming: A review. Aquaculture Research 26(1), 1-54.

New, M. B. (1990). Freshwater prawn culture: A review. Aquaculture 88(2), 99-143.

Phuong, N. T., Hai, T. N., Hien, T. T. T., Bui, T. V., Huong, D. T. T., Son, V. N., Morooka, Y., Fukuda, Y., & Wilder, M. N. (2006). Current status of freshwater prawn culture in Vietnam and the development and transfer of seed production technology. Review Article Fisheries Science 72(1), 1-12.

Sick, L. V., & Beaty, H. (1975). Development of formula foods designed for Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae and juvenile shrimp. Proceeding of the World Mariculture Society 6(1-4), 89-102.

Sorgeloos, P., Bossuyt, E., Lavens, P., Leger, P., Vanhaecke, P., & Versichele, D., (1983). The use of brine shrimp Artemia in crustacean hatcheries and nurseries. In McVey, J. P., and Moore, J. R. (Eds.). CRC Handbook of Mariculture (71-96). Florida, USA: CRC Press. Sorgeloos, P., Bossuyt, E., Lavina, E., BaezaMesa, M., & Persoone, G. (1977). Decapsulation of Artemia cysts: a simple technique for the improvement of the use of brine shrimp in aquaculture. Aquaculture 12(4), 311-316.

Tackaert, W., Vanhaecke, P., & Sorgeloos, P. (1987). Preliminary data on the heritability of some quantitative characteristics in Artemia. In Sorgeloos, P. et al. (Eds.). Artemia research and its applications: 1. Morphology, genetics, strain characterization, toxicology. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the brine shrimp Artemia (241-248).

Uno, Y., & Kwon, C. S. (1969). Larval development of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) reared in the laboratory. Journal of the Tokyo University of Fisheries 55, 179-190.

Valenti, W. C., & Daniels, W. H. (2000). Recirculation hatchery systems and management. In New, M. B., and Valenti, W. C. (Ed., 69-90). Freshwater Prawn Culture. Oxford, USA: Blackwell.

Van Stappen, G. (1996). Artemia: Use of cysts. Manual on the production and use of life food for the aquaculture. In Lavens., P. & Sorgrloops, P. (Eds.). FAO Fishery Technical Paper 361. Rome, Italy.

Wan, J. H. (1999). Development and evaluation of a coagulated egg albumin microparticulate diet for larval culture of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and striped bass Morone saxatilis. PhD dissertation, Mississippi State University, USA: Mississippi.