Published: 2025-04-24
Full Issue
Agronomy and Forestry Sciences
Designing desks and chairs for high school students according to ergonomic principles
Electronic version:
24 Apr 2025
| DOI:
10.52997/jad.1.02.2025
Abstract
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PDF (1.2M)

Abstract
In the school space, there is a need to provide tables and chairs that support students in maintaining the optimal learning status. Desk and chair products for students, particularly for high school students, need to conform to ergonomic principles to prevent musculoskeletal diseases in schools. This study reported the average body size in standing and sitting positions of 11th grade students of both men and women aged 16 - 17 years old in Ho Chi Minh City in 2023. The article also provided specifications for lagerstroemia wood and rubber laminated wood which were selected as materials for the design of tables and chair in this studys. From the collected data on student body dimensions, combined with ergonomic parameters and relevant regulations issued by the Ministry of Health, the author designed a set of tables and chairs for high school students - grade 11 with desk size of 1200 x 450 x 710 mm and single chair with dimensions of 400 x 400 x 850 mm, seat height of 410 mm. As a result, a product model was designed, the manufacturing process was proposed, and a trial production of the table and chair set was conducted.
Effects of α-Naphthaleneacetic acid concentration and substrates on the growth of Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms cuttings
Electronic version:
24 Apr 2025
| DOI:
10.52997/jad.2.02.2025
Abstract
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PDF (171.7K)

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the optimal α-NAA (α-Naphthaleneacetic acid) concentration and suitable substrate for the growth of Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms seedlings propagated through cuttings. The two-factor experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 16 treatments and three repetitions. The cuttings were treated with α-NAA (Factor N) at concentrations of 1,000; 2,000; 3,000; and 4,000 mg/L and grown in four different substrates: (G1) 100% soil, (G2) 50% soil + 50% rice husk ash, (G3) 50% soil + 20% coco peat + 30% rice husk ash, and (G4) 50% soil + 40% coco peat + 10% rice husk ash. The results showed that the rooting rate and growth index of the cuttings increased gradually with the concentration of α-NAA and reached the highest value at 3,000 mg/L, then decreased as the concentration of α-AA increased. The substrate mixed with coconut peat and rice husk ash had significantly improved porosity, helping to increase the rooting rate and growth ability of the cuttings. It was also shown that the best performance was achieved when cuttings were treated with 3,000 mg/L α-NAA and grown in a substrate consisting of 50% soil + 20% coco peat + 30% rice husk ash. In 60 days after planting, the Polyscias fruticosa cuttings’s survival rate was 94.1% and a standard export rate of 89.9%. Growth indicators included an average shoot height of 18.3 cm, shoot diameter of 7.2 mm, and an average of 5.3 leaves per shoot.
Animal Sciences, Veterinary Medicine, Aquaculture and Fisheries
Evaluation of potentials of bioactive compounds extracted from purple onion (Allium cepa L.) for culturing Lactobacillus plantarum to develop probiotics in broilers
Electronic version:
24 Apr 2025
| DOI:
10.52997/jad.7.02.2025
Abstract
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PDF (300.6K)

Abstract
This study evaluated potentials of purple onion (Allium cepa L.) extract and its application in probiotics as a feed additive for broilers. The results showed that purple onion extract contained compounds with prebiotic potential with high contents of Fructooligosaccharide, Quercetin 3,40-diglucoside, Quercetin 40-monoglucoside and Quercetin aglycone, which promoted the growth of all three strains L. plantarum 1582, L. plantarum WCFS1, L. plantarum JDM1, especially at 40% dilution. The strain L. plantarum 1582, which exhibited superior probiotic properties (acid resistance 8.97 log CFU/g, bile salt tolerance 10.42 log CFU/g, temperature tolerance 7.51 - 8.10 log CFU/g, maintaining a high cell density in gut after 24 - 72 h 4.93 - 5.96 log CFU/g), was used in the in vivo purple onion fermented product test. Oral administration of the fermented product to broiler chickens showed that L. plantarum 1582 survived well in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the small intestine and ceca for 24 - 48 h. It can be concluded that the purple onion extract has potential as a prebiotic and the purple onion-fermented product with L. plantarum 1582 can be used as a feed additive. However, further in vivo studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of this product under real conditions.
Prevalence and gene encoding calmodulin of some fungi species isolated from dogs’ hair treated in animal clinics in Can Tho city
Electronic version:
24 Apr 2025
| DOI:
10.52997/jad.5.02.2025
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PDF (2.5M)

Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and gene encoding calmodulin (cmd) on some fungal species isolated from dogs’ hair in Can Tho city. By culturing and morphological identification, it was found that fungi were highly present (85.45%) on hairs of healthy and fungal-infected dogs, regardless of breed, hair morphology, feeding method, or age. However, the fungal infection rate in female dogs was higher than that in male dogs, with 89.92% and 81.29%, respectively. There were diverse fungal species in dogs’ hair, including pathogenic species such as Microsporum spp. and Trichophyton spp., but Aspergillus spp. was the most common. In addition, several phenotypes of fungal species infections on dogs’ hair were recorded. By PCR method, it was determined that the gene cmd was highly present (41.19%) on isolated fungal strains, and the highest was on Aspergillus spp. (64.23%). Therefore, healthy and fungi-infected dogs can carry fungal strains that cause skin and coat diseases, and controlling hygiene and fungal conditions in dogs is essential to prevent the transmission of diseases to other animals and to humans through contact.
Prevalence of the circulation and protection after vaccination against Lumpy skin disease in cattle in Long An province
Electronic version:
24 Apr 2025
| DOI:
10.52997/jad.4.02.2025
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PDF (256.7K)

Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the circulation of the lumpy skin disease virus and evaluate the protective status after vaccination in 3 districts including Moc Hoa, Duc Hue, and Duc Hoa, Long An province from June 2023 to October 2024. The cattle and lumpy skin disease outbreaks were surveyed in 90 households in 3 districts using the questionnaire. The total of 27 nasal-pooled samples were tested by the real-time PCR to determine the circulation of the lumpy skin disease virus. Serum samples were examined to evaluate the protection of Lumpy skin disease after vaccination using the ELISA method, and the virus neutralization test. The results showed that cattle farming had been increasingly invested in breeds, feed, barns, and farmers’ knowledge. According to the questionnaire results, the rate of Lumpy skin disease was 14.18% with the disease commonly happened in the group of beef under one year old. The monitoring results of the circulation showed that all nasal pooled samples were negative by the real time PCR method. The protection after vaccination reached over 50% (using the ELISA method), while neutralizing antibodies only reached about 40%.
The correlation of gut microorganisms, stool condition, and piglet weight after dietary supplementation of essential oils and probiotics
Electronic version:
24 Apr 2025
| DOI:
10.52997/jad.6.02.2025
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PDF (2.3M)

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The study evaluated the correlation between specific gut microorganisms, fecal condition, and body weight in piglets fed essential oils and/or probiotics from 7 to 60 days of age. Fecal samples were collected from piglets at 7 days old (120 samples), 25 days old (weaning, 120 samples), and 60 days old (60 samples). The results indicated that during the first week, levels of coliforms, E. coli, and Clostridium peaked and subsequently declined gradually as the piglets grew. Significant changes in diet and living conditions occurring during the weaning period were found to disrupt the gut microbiota. During days 7 to 25 old, a negative correlation was identified between piglet weight and both fecal scores (r = -0.3732, P < 0.001) and the incidence of diarrhea (r = -0.4599, P < 0.001). Probiotic supplementation apparently improved gut health, as increased Bacillus levels were positively correlated with weight gain (r = 0.2027, P < 0.05). The Lactobacillus: coliforms ratio (L:C) did not significantly affect health indicators during this phase. However, it became important between 25 and 60 days, as the L:C ratio was negatively correlated with diarrhea incidence (r = -0.5749, P < 0.001) and Clostridium levels (r = -0.3068, P < 0.05). At 25 days, a positive correlation was observed between the L:C ratio and piglet weight (r = 0.6282, P < 0.001), alongside a negative correlation with Clostridium (r = -0.3176, P < 0.001). At 60 days, the L:C ratio similarly showed a positive relationship with weight (r = 0.2756, P < 0.05) and Bacillus (r = 0.6617, P < 0.001), significantly influencing the development of beneficial microorganisms.
Combined effects of probiotics and specific IgY antibody on growth performance and diarrhea in suckling piglets
Electronic version:
24 Apr 2025
| DOI:
10.52997/jad.3.02.2025
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PDF (385.8K)

Abstract
Diarrhea in suckling piglets is a common issue that reduces weight gain and causes economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. This study aimed to identify dietary supplements for suckling piglets that improve growth and reduce diarrhea in suckling piglets. A total of 60 sows and their piglets (660 Yorkshire x Landrace piglets) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments, with 3 replications per treatment and 5 sows with their piglets per replicate. Treatment 1 (NT-1) served as the control, where pigs were fed a basal diet without supplementation of probiotics or IgY antibodies; Pigs in NT-2 were fed a basal diet supplemented with probiotics; Those in NT-3 were fed a basal diet supplemented with IgY antibodies, and pigs in NT-4 were fed a basal diet supplemented with a combination of probiotics and IgY antibodies. The results showed that weight gain in NT-4 was the highest, followed by NT-2 and NT-3, while NT-1 had the lowest. These differences in weight gain were significant (P < 0.05). Additionally, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was highest in NT-1, followed by NT-3, NT-2, and lowest in NT-4. The diarrhea rate was lowest for NT-4 (0.84% and 0.61% before and after 14 days of age, respectively), followed by NT-2, NT-3, and highest for NT-1 (6.39% and 8.60% before and after 14 days of age, respectively). The differences in diarrhea rates were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In summary, combining probiotics with IgY antibodies was effective in promoting weight gain, improving feed conversion efficiency, and minimizing diarrhea in suckling piglets.
Food Science and Technology
Optimization of polyphenol extraction from Eclipta prostrata L. by response surface methodology
Electronic version:
24 Apr 2025
| DOI:
10.52997/jad.8.02.2025
Abstract
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PDF (689.9K)

Abstract
Eclipta prostrata L. is a medicinal herb used in many folk remedies in Asian countries because it contains valuable components such as alkaloids, polyphenols, steroids, saponins, triterpenes, etc. In particular, polyphenol compounds extracted from this plant show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activities, etc. This study focused on investigating the factors affecting the extraction of polyphenol from Eclipta prostrata. The highest total polyphenol content was obtained using 50% ethanol at 60oC for 90 min with a solvent:material ratio of 40:1 mL/g. Since, the extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology according to central composite design. The results showed that the polyphenol content obtained was 55.92 mg GAE/g dw with a solvent:material ratio of 43:1 mL/g at 64oC for 97 min. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the extract from Eclipta prostrata was also determined with an IC50 value of 78 µg/mL through the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method.