Optimization of polyphenol extraction from Eclipta prostrata L. by response surface methodology
,
,
,
, &
*
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Eclipta prostrata L. is a medicinal herb used in many folk remedies in Asian countries because it contains valuable components such as alkaloids, polyphenols, steroids, saponins, triterpenes, etc. In particular, polyphenol compounds extracted from this plant show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activities, etc. This study focused on investigating the factors affecting the extraction of polyphenol from Eclipta prostrata. The highest total polyphenol content was obtained using 50% ethanol at 60oC for 90 min with a solvent:material ratio of 40:1 mL/g. Since, the extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology according to central composite design. The results showed that the polyphenol content obtained was 55.92 mg GAE/g dw with a solvent:material ratio of 43:1 mL/g at 64oC for 97 min. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the extract from Eclipta prostrata was also determined with an IC50 value of 78 µg/mL through the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method.
Article Details
References
Al-Farsi, M. A., & Lee, C. Y. (2008). Optimization of phenolics and dietary fibre extraction from date seeds. Food Chemistry 108(3), 977-985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.009.
Alara, O. R., Abdurahman, N. H., & Ukaegbu, C. I. (2021). Extraction of phenolic compounds: A review. Current Research in Food Science 4(Part A), 200-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2021.03.011.
Albuquerque, B. R., Heleno, S. A., Oliveira, M. B. P. P., Barros, L., & Ferreira, I. C. F. R. (2021). Phenolic compounds: Current industrial applications, limitations and future challenges. Food and Function 12(1), 14-29. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0FO02324H.
Arunachalam, G., Subramanian, N., Pazhani, G. P., & Ravichandran, V. (2009). Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of Eclipta prostrata L. (Astearaceae). African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 3(3), 97-100.
Bakht, J., Islam, A., Ali, H., Tayyab, M., & Shafi, M. (2011). Antimicrobial potentials of Eclipta alba by disc diffusion method. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(39), 7658-7667.
Chan, C. F., Huang, W. Y., Guo, H. Y., & Wang, B. R. (2014). Potent antioxidative and UVB protective effect of water extract of Eclipta prostrata L. The Scientific World Journal 2014(1-4), 759039. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/759039.
Dalal, S., & Kataria, S. K. (2010). Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract and antibacterial activity of Eclipta prostrata. Asian Journal of Chemistry 22(9), 7336-7342.
Datta, K., Singh, A. T., Mukherjee, A., Bhat, B., Ramesh, B., & Burman, A. C. (2009). Eclipta alba extract with potential for hair growth promoting activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 124(3), 450-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.05.023.
De Torre, M. P., Cavero, R. Y., Calvo, M. I., & Vizmanos, J. L. (2019). A simple and a reliable method to quantify antioxidant activity in vivo. Antioxidants (Basel) 8(5), 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8050142.
Dibacto, R. E. K., Tchuente, B. R. T., Nguedjo, M. W., Tientcheu, Y. M. T., Nyobe, E. C., Edoun, F. L. E., Kamini, M. F. G., Dibanda, R. F., & Medoua, G. N. (2021). Total polyphenol and flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity of some varieties of Persea americana peels consumed in Cameroon. The Scientific World Journal 2021, 8882594. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8882594.
Duong, L. T. P., Phan, T. T. B., & Ha, T. H. (2014). Effect of extraction process on polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity from soybeans. CTU Journal of Science 2014(1), 8-15.
Feng, L., Zhai, Y. Y., Xu, J., Yao, W. F., Cao, Y. D., Cheng, F. F., Bao, B. H., & Zhang, L. (2019). A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 245, 112109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112109.
Guenné, S., Ouattara, N., Ouédraogo, N., Ciobica, A., Hilou, A., & Kiendrebéogo, M. (2020). Phytochemistry and neuroprotective effects of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine 17(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2019-0026.
Kaur, N., Kumar, V., Nayak, S. K., Wadhwa, P., Kaur, P., & Sahu, S. K. (2021). Alpha-amylase as molecular target for treatment of diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive review. Chemical Biology and Drug Design 98(4), 539-560. https://doi.org/10.1111/cbdd.13909.
Kim, D. I., Lee, S. H., Hong, J. H., Lillehoj, H. S., Park, H. J., Rhie, S. G., & Lee, G. S. (2010). The butanol fraction of Eclipta prostrata (Linn) increases the formation of brain acetylcholine and decreases oxidative stress in the brain and serum of cesarean-derived rats. Nutrition Research 30(8), 579-584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2010.08.001.
Lee, K. Y., Ha, N. R., Kim, T. B., Kim, Y. C., & Sung, S. H. (2010). Characterization of triterpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic acids in Eclipta prostrata by high-performance liqid chromatography/diode-array detector/electrospray ionization with multi-stage tandem mass spectroscopy. Natural Product Sciences 16(3), 164-168.
Mokrani, A., & Madani, K. (2016). Effect of solvent, time and temperature on the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit. Separation and Purification Technology 162(13), 68-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.01.043.
Myo, H., Liana, D., & Phanumartwiwath, A. (2024). Unlocking therapeutic potential: comprehensive extraction, profiling, and pharmacological evaluation of bioactive compounds from Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. for dermatological applications. Plants 13(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13010033.
Naczk, M., & Shahidi, F. (2006). Phenolics in cereals, fruits and vegetables: Occurrence, extraction and analysis. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 41(5), 1523-1542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2006.04.002.
Nguyen, P. T. T., Thai, A. N., Dang, L. T. Y., Nguyen, D. T. L., Le, T. T. N., Tran, N. T., & Nguyen, T. T. T. (2021). Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction conditions for phenolic and flavonoid compounds from freeze-dried Docynia indica fruits. Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Science 19(6), 726-736.
Phan, P. T. K., Wang, S. L., Nguyen, V. Q., Phan, Q. T., Nguyen, T. T., Tran, T. T. T., Nguyen, D. A., Nguyen, B. V., & Doan, D. M. (2023). Assessment of the chemical profile and potential medical effects of a Flavonoid-rich extract of Eclipta prostrata L. collected in the central Highlands of Vietnam. Pharmaceuticals 16(10), 1476. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16101476.
Pukumpuang, W., Chansakaow, S., & Tragoolpua, Y. (2014). Antioxidant activity, phenolic compound content and phytochemical constituents of Eclipta prostrate (Linn.) Linn. Chiang Mai Journal of Science 41(413), 568-576.
Rashid, M. H. O., Das, J. R., Akter, A., Uddin, J., Parvin, N., Laboni, F. R., Sarker, M. M. R., & Karim, N. (2022). Possible role of phenolics and flavonoids in antioxidant, cytotoxic and thrombolytic activities of Eclipta prostata L. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 25(2), 164-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v25i2.60967.
Singh, L., Antil, R., Kumar, D., & Dahiya, P. (2019). Phytochemical analysis and In-vitro assays for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Bhringraj herb Eclipta prostrata (L.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 8(3), 4527-4533.
Sinha, S., & Raghuwanshi, R. (2016). Phytochemical screening and antioxidant potential of Eclipta prostrata (L) L-A valuable herb. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8(3), 255-260.
Tabart, J., Kevers, C., Sipel, A., Pincemail, J., Defraigne, J. O., & Dommes, J. (2007). Optimisation of extraction of phenolics and antioxidants from black currant leaves and buds and of stability during storage. Food Chemistry 105(3), 1268-1275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.03.005.
Timalsina, D., & Devkota, H. P. (2021). Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (Asteraceae): Ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constituents, and biological activities. Biomolecules 11(11), 1738. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111738.
Velderrain-Rodríguez, G. R., Palafox-Carlos, H., Wall-Medrano, A., Ayala-Zavala, J. F., Chen, C. Y. O., Robles-Sánchez, M., Astiazaran-García, H., Alvarez-Parrilla, E., & González-Aguilar, G. A. (2014). Phenolic compounds: Their journey after intake. Food and Function 5(2), 189-197. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3fo60361j.
Wang, J., Sun, B., Cao, Y., Tian, Y., & Li, X. (2008). Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from wheat bran. Food Chemistry 106(2), 804-810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.06.062.
Yadav, N. K., Arya, R. K., Dev, K., Sharma, C., Hossain, Z., Meena, S., Arya, K. R., Gayen, J. R., Datta, D., & Singh, R. K. (2017). Alcoholic extract of Eclipta alba shows in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity without exhibiting toxicological effects. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017(18), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9094641.