The objective of the study was to evaluate the current status of coconut cultivation in the coastal area of Khanh Hoa province. Investigating 120 households growing coconuts in Cam Ranh city, Ninh Hoa town, and Van Ninh district. The results showed that in investigated sites, farmers mainly grow drinking coconut varieties with specialised cultivation form, the average coconut area was under 0.4 hectares per household. The average age of drinking coconut gardens ranged from 6 to 10 years with common yield of 50 to 100 fruits/tree per year the oil coconut gardens were over 30 years old with yield of 20 to 40 fruits/tree per year. The density of coconut planting was about 400 trees/ha, planted by digging holes and fertilizing before planting. Organic fertilizer was applied by spreading around the base; the number of applications was less than 3 times per year, and the dosage was from 10 to 20 kg/tree. Inorganic fertilizer was spread around the base by farmers; the number of applications was less than 3 times/year, and the dosage of N and P2O5 from 100 to 200 g/tree, while K2O was less than 200 g/tree. The cost of coconut care during the business period was generally less than 20 million VND/ha per year, the income from coconuts of most farmers was less than 150 million VND/ha per year, and the profit was mainly less than 100 million VND/ha per year.

 Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassaDuch.) is a fruit with a characteristic aroma, bright red color, juiciness, and sweetness that is consumed in large quantities. In this study, plant growth regulators (2,4- D: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; BA: 6- enzylaminopurine; IBA: indole-3-butyric acid; NAA: naphthaleneacetic acid), light exposure time (0 h/day, 16 h/day), and MS (Murashige & Skoog) medium, were used to determine the concentration and light exposure time suitable for the process of callus formation, shoot multiplication, and root formation of strawberry plants. The results showed that the MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D under no light condition had the highest callus formation rate (69.3%), and the callus weight was 254.8 mg at 49 days after inoculation. The combination of 0.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L IBA had the best results in terms of shoot multiplication coefficient (11.9 times), shoot height (3.8 cm), number of leaves/shoot cluster (40.0 leaves), and fresh weight of shoot cluster (2.4 g) after 42 days of culture. The MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA had the highest rooting rate (100%), 17.3 roots/plant with a root length of 2.5 cm, root collar diameter of 2.5 mm, plant height of 5.2 cm, and 5.6 leaves/plant at 21 days after inoculation.

This study aimed to determine the suitable salinity range for Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus Zuiew, 1793 culture under saline intrusion conditions in the Mekong Delta. The research evaluated growth performance, survival rates (SR), and feed conversion ratios (FCR) of swamp eel cultured under 4 treatments (T) with salinity levels of 0‰, 2‰, 4‰, 6‰, and 8‰, with 0‰ serving as the control. The results showed that after 45 days of culture, weight gain (WG) and daily weight gain (DWG) were highest in the T0‰ (WG: 4.3 g, DWG: 0.1 g/day); and the lowest WG and DWG were observed in the T8‰ (WG: 2.2 g, DWG: 0.05 g/day). Survival rates were high in the T0‰, T2‰, and T4‰ with a peaking at 100%, while the lowest survival rate was observed in the T8‰ (85%). The FCR was highest in the T8‰ (6.52) and the lowest in the T0‰ (2,99), with no significantly different (P > 0.05) compared to those at 2‰ (3.33) and 4‰ (3.51). These results suggest that, in addition to freshwater, aquatic environment with salinity levels up to 4‰ is suitable for the seed nursery stage of swamp eels farming.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the current situation of feeds and daily rations in household beef cattle farms (HBCFs) in some districts of Lam Dong province (LD), Vietnam. Ninety HBCFs were chosen from Cat Tien, Don Duong and Duc Trong districts (10 households/commune and 03 communes/district) to implement the survey by pre-printed questionnaires and direct interview as a cross-sectional study model through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method. The results showed that straw (96.67%) and elephant grass (82.22%) was the two most used kinds of roughage in HBCFs (P < 0.001), while complete feed (52.22%) and rice bran (32.22%) were the most commonly used concentrates (P < 0.001). The average grassland area in HBCFs was 1,443 m2/household and there has been no difference among districts in LD (P > 0.05). Daily diets in HBCFs consisted of a diverse combination of roughage (elephant grass, natural grass, silage, straw and other agricultural by-products) and concentrates (complete feed, rice bran, maize bran and by-products) with an estimated roughage: concentrate ratio of 74.84:25.14 (P < 0.01). Total mixed ration (TMR) feeding method is currently not applied in HBCFs and farmers feed beef and cows by their own estimation without specific nutritional criteria. Additionally, feed storage conditions were generally inadequate and the handling of spoiled/moldy feeds is needed more attention.

The electrospinning method was used to fabricate a nanofibrous membrane from chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA). Afterward, Garcinia mangostana L. peel extract (MG) at a concentration of 150 mg/mL was added to the CS/PVA membrane by using a coating technique to obtain CS/PVA-MG membrane. The diameter of the nanofibers ranged from 200 to 390 nm. The antibacterial activity of the resulting CS/PVA-MG nanofibrous membrane was evaluated using agar diffusion and semi-solid media. The inhibition zone varied from 16.67 to 18.00 mm on S. aureus and 11.00 to 12.67 mm against P. aeruginosa. In a semi-solid medium, the CS/PVA-MG nanofibrous membrane completely inhibited the growth of both bacterial strains. The results demonstrate the effective inhibition of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa by CS/PVA nanofibrous membrane incorporated with 150 mg/mL of Garcinia mangostana L. peel extract, suggesting their potential application in the treatment of infected wounds on animals.

This study aimed to evaluate effects of birth weight, pre-weaning growth and age at the first service on age at first calving, and determine the relationship between age at first calving and firstlactation milk yield of Holstein Friesian cows at Phu Yen HighTech Dairy Farm. The study was carried out using the data of 292 heifers calving from August 2023 to June 2024 to analyze effects of birth weight, pre-weaning growth and age at the first service on age at first calving and data from 781 cows of 1,734 first-calving heifers which obtained completely 305 days in milk for the first lactation during the 2021 - 2023 period to assess the relationship between the age at first calving and 305 days milk yield. Results showed that the average age at first calving was 24.43 months, with 85% of cows calving for the first time between 23.0 - 25.99 months. Correlation analysis revealed negative correlations between birth weight and age at first calving (r = -0.106; P < 0.05), between weight gain from birth to weaning and age at first calving (r = -0.072; P > 0.05), and a positive correlation between age at first breeding and age at first calving (r = 0.485; P < 0.01). Furthermore, the positive correlation (r = 0.443 - 0.530; P < 0.001) between the age first calving and 305 days milk yield was found. In conclusion, the results reveal the significantly negative correlation between birth weight and age at first calving, positive correlation between age at first breeding and age at first calving, as well as possitive correlation between the age at first calving with the 305 days in milk yield of cows examined. So, application of optimal feeding management to reduce age at first calving, thereby contributing to reduce costs and improve economic efficiency in dairy farming.

Parkinson’s rainbowfish (Melanotaenia parkinsoni) is a popular aquarium fish species. Despite its popularity, knowledge regarding its reproductive biology, particularly embryonic development, remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the morphological characteristics of Parkinson’s rainbowfish embryos at different developmental stages under artificial rearing conditions. Fertilized eggs (approximately 1.2 mm in diameter and transparent yellow in color) were collected and incubated at 26 - 28°C in a controlled environment. Developmental progress was observed at multiple time points using optical microscopy. The embryonic development process was divided into four stages: (1) zygote, cleavage, and blastula; (2) gastrula and segmentation; (3) organogenesis; and (4) hatching. Cleavage occurred rapidly, transitioning from a single cell to the morula stage within 6 h. Gastrulation was marked by the formation of the embryonic shield and yolk syncytial layer by 28 h. During organogenesis (34 - 130 h post-fertilization), key structures such as somites, Kupffer’s vesicle, otic vesicles, and cardiac activity were observed, with pigmentation appearing on the eyes and body. Hatching occurred between 140 - 164 h, yielding larvae approximately 3 mm in length with an average heart rate of 119 - 130 beats per min. This information may be useful for optimizing artificial breeding protocols and contributing to the conservation efforts for this species.

The aim of this study was to determine the growth and reproductive characteristics of Denison Barb in captive conditions. The experiment was conducted from July to December 2023. The results showed a strong correlation between length and weight, with the equation W = 0.0159 L2.7987 and a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9874. The value of b, which was below 3, indicates a negative allometric growth. The Fulton index ranged from 0.91 - 1.16% for males and 1.09 - 1.40% for females. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) ranged from 2.57 - 7.79% for males and 2.85 - 10.94% for females. The eggs were adhesive, with a light yellow to brown yellow color and spherical in shape. They hatched within 34 - 36 h at a temperature of 28 ± 0.5oC. The egg diameter ranged from 1,286 - 1,510 µm. Absolute fecundity which ranged from 229 - 581 eggs/female in 9 - 10 cm length group and ranged from 457 - 1,058 eggs/female in 11 - 12 cm length group. Relative fecundity ranged from 19 - 43 eggs/gfemale in 9 - 10 cm length group and ranged from 32 - 56 eggs/g female in 11 - 12 cm length group. These results indicate that Denison Barb can sexually mature and reproduce successfully in captivity.

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic (Vibrotech) on water quality, growth performance, survival rate, and Vibrio sp. density in mud crab juvenile nursery. The probiotic was applied in different forms: added only to rearing water (AW), added to both rearing water and feed (AW - AF), mixed into feed only (AF), and another group without probiotic sersed as a control (CT). After 30 days of rearing, the results indicated that probiotic significantly improved water quality, growth performance, survival rate, and reduced Vibrio sp. density compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Among the treatments, AW - AF showed the best results, including a specific growth rate in length of 5.60%/day, a survival rate of 43.44%, and a total Vibrio sp. density in the crab intestine of 3.4 × 10⁴ CFU/g. The results of the study recommend that probiotic should be added to both rearing water and feed in crab juvenile nursery to enhance water quality, boost growth rates, improve survival rates, and limit pathogens caused by Vibiro sp.

Noise is a common occupational hazard in industrial environments, particularly in the textile and garment industry, where machinery operates continuously and often generates noise levels that exceed safe thresholds. This study was conducted at a large garment factory in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam to assess the current status of personal protective equipment (PPE) usage and health symptoms related to noise exposure among workers, and to develop a spatial noise distribution map of the workplace. Data were collected from 100 workers through questionnaire surveys and from 186 noise measurement point based on Vietnam’s national standards. The results indicated that all working areas had noise levels below the eight-hour-exposure threshold of 85 dBA; however, more than 60% of workers operated in areas with noise levels exceeding 70 dBA, a level known to trigger physiological stress responses with prolonged exposure. Although most workers had received occupational hygiene training, only 30% used PPE regularly, while 22% reported symptoms such as headaches, tinnitus, or sleep disturbances after work. A lack of awareness and a sense of being “accustomed to the noise” were key reasons for the low rate of PPE usage. The study recommends strengthening training programs, monitoring PPE compliance, and implementing effective noise control measures to protect the long-term health of workers in the garment industry.