Published: 2024-10-30
Full Issue
Agronomy and Forestry Sciences
Refinement of the in vitro propagation process of Petunia (Petunia hybrida) plants
Electronic version:
30 Oct 2024
| DOI:
10.52997/jad.5.01.2024
Abstract
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PDF (544.1K)
Abstract
Petunia (Petunia hybrida) is currently one of the most favored ornamental potted flowers. Tissue culture-based propagation has proven to be effective in terms of multiplication rates and consistent seedling quality, meeting the demand for Purple Petunia varieties. In this study, Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with various culture media [Murashige and Skoog (MS), ½ MS, and Knudson C] and growth regulators [6-benzyladenine (BA), Indole 3-butyric acid (IBA), and Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)] were utilized to determine the appropriate concentrations and durations for sample sterilization, shoot multiplication, and root induction processes of Purple Petunia. Evaluation criteria for in vitro Purple Petunia included parameters, such as survival rate, contamination rate, dead samples, number of shoots, shoot height, number of roots, and root length. The results indicated that stem sample sterilization at a 5% NaOCl concentration for 10 min yielded the highest survival rate (70.7%) at 14 days post-culture initiation. Purple Petunia stem samples, when cultured in MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA combined with 0.1 mg/L IBA, demonstrated the most efficient shoot multiplication with a multiplication rate of 26.9, a shoot weight of 3.6 g, a leaf/shoot ratio of 4.6, and a shoot height of 3.0 cm. The MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA was found to be optimal for root induction, resulting in the highest number of roots at 32.1 roots/plant and a root length of 7.0 cm. Briefly, this research provided fundamental insights into the in vitro propagation process of disease-free Purple Petunia multiplication.
Evaluation of nitrogen use efficiency and N-supplying capacity on pomelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) grown on alluvial soil in the Cuu Long Delta
Electronic version:
30 Oct 2024
| DOI:
10.52997/jad.5.02.2024
Abstract
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PDF (731.9K)
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and the ability to provide nitrogen from alluvial soil for growing pomelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) in the Mekong Delta. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design including two treatments (NPK treatment: 673 N - 385 P2O5 -192 K2O g/plant and PK treatment: 0 N - 385 P2O5 - 192 K2O g/plant) and three replicates (3 plants for each replicate). The results showed that fruit yield was highest (39.1 kg/plant, N recovery efficiency of 53.8%) in the full NPK fertilization treatment and lowest in the PK fertilization treatment (18.5 kg/plant). Calculation results of the ability to supply nitrogen to pomelo trees in Chau Thanh, Hau Giang showed that alluvial soil had the ability to provide 49.6% of N and the remaining 50.4% from additional fertilizer sources for maximizing fruit yield.
Application of ergonomics in the design of desks and chairs for primary school students in Ho Chi Minh City
Electronic version:
30 Oct 2024
| DOI:
10.52997/jad.5.03.2024
Abstract
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PDF (828K)
Abstract
The application of ergonomics in the product design is currently of great interest, especially for products used in schools, to reduce school-related health issues. This article presented statistical data on the body size of male and female primary school students, aged 7 - 8 years old in Ho Chi Minh City including average body size, size in standing and sitting position. Additionally, the article also gave the specifications of sawn acacia wood, acacia finger joint wood used for the production of student desks and chairs. By integrating the students'body dimensions, ergonomic parameters, Ministry of Health guidelines, and the selection of acacia wood materials, the author devised a set of desks and chairs suitable for elementary school students up to grade 3. The desk dimensions were as follows: height 570 mm, desk width 450 mm, desk length 600 mm; for the chair: height 650 mm, seat height 340 mm, seat width 310 mm, seat depth 264 mm. The angle between the backrest and the chair surface was 95o. As a result, a desk and chair set was designed, followed by trial production, and a proposed manufacturing process for student desks and chairs.
Animal Sciences, Veterinary Medicine, Aquaculture and Fisheries
Effects of artemia and tilapia density on the ability to treat organic matter in wastewater from white leg shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming
Electronic version:
30 Oct 2024
| DOI:
10.52997/jad.5.04.2024
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PDF (899.1K)
Abstract
White leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming effluent contains pollutants that include high levels of total suspended solid (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and growth promoting substances. This study investigated the possibility of using artemia to filter suspended solids and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to consume organic waste of shrimp, uneaten food at the bottom of wastewater tanks of industrial shrimp farming. Both artemia and Tilapia had the ability to rapidly reduce organic matter content in wastewater of industrial shrimp farming in tanks. This contributed to reducing total suspended solid in wastewater when discharged into the environment. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS) met effluent standards in Circular No. 44/2010/TT-BNNPTNT and QCVN 11-MT:2015/BTNMT in all of the investigated plots. In the surface wastewater of wastewater tanks, the remaining TSS, BOD₅, and COD contents were the lowest at 6.2 ± 1.1 mg/L, 3.9 ± 0.5 mg/L, and 8.6 ± 1.4 mg/L, respectively, in the stocking density of 300 artemia individuals/L. In the bottom wastewater, the remaining TSS, BOD₅, and COD contents were the lowest at 21.4 ± 5.1 mg/L, 8.5 ± 1.5 mg/L, and 11.6 ± 3.6 mg/L, respectively, in the stocking density of 16 Tilapia individuals/m3.
Biotechnology
Evaluation of fermentative activities of yeasts isolated from guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.)
Electronic version:
30 Oct 2024
| DOI:
10.52997/jad.5.05.2024
Abstract
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PDF (5.7M)
Abstract
The study was conducted to isolate and screen yeast strains having good fermentative activities for wine production from guava (Psidium guajava L.). Yeasts were isolated from 22 samples of ripe guava fruits (including 4 varieties: Cattley, Taiwan, Ruby Supreme and Queen), which were collected from 6 provinces in the Mekong Delta. The yeast isolates were examined for biological characteristics, including colonial morphology and cell shape, after 48 h of culture, and investigated for fermentative characteristics including production of H2S gas, temperature and ethanol tolerance, ability to flocculate, production of extracellular enzymes, and fermentation of carbohydrate sources. The results showed that 33 yeast strains were isolated based on colony and cell morphologies. There were 9 isolates from the Taiwan variety, 13 isolates from the Queen variety, 7 isolates from the Cattley variety, and 4 isolates from Ruby supreme. Ten out of 33 isolates did not produce H₂S gas and had good flocculent ability in the fermentative solution after 7 days. Among them, the five yeast isolates (named NHCB1, NHCL4, NHCB4, DLCL1, and NHCB2) had good temperature tolerance at 39°C - 43°C, and high ethanol tolerance at 6% - 8% within 24 h. Three isolates (NHCL4, NHCB2, and NHCB4) with good ability to ferment glucose and fructose were selected for sequencing. The internal transcribed spacer sequences of all three strains were identical to those of Hanseniaspora opuntiae (> 99% identity). Briefly, this yeast strain can tolerate ethanol, ferment, and produce an appealing smell, bringing the potential for the production of wine or other fermented products.
Food Science and Technology
Processing of oolong tea from passion fruit buds of Passiflora edulis
Electronic version:
30 Oct 2024
| DOI:
10.52997/jad.5.06.2024
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PDF (1.7M)
Abstract
The research aimed to create oolong tea products from passion fruit buds, diversifying this product line and improving the usage value of this bioactive material. The tea fermentation process was conducted at a temperature of 25 ± 2°C for 4 h, while the semi-drying and final-drying were performed at 50 ± 2°C for 4 h and 90 ± 2°C for 4 h, respectively. Tea product had a moisture content of 5.45%, a reducing sugar content of 1.21 mg/g, and a total polyphenol content of 22.38 mg/g. Tea was brewed at a tea to water ratio of 2.5% for 3 min at 95°C. In sensory evaluations of the brewed tea, color scored 4.93, clarity scored 3.91, smell scored 4.81, and taste scored 4.89. Thus, the product was graded as “good” according to TCVN 12713:2019.
Optimization of enzymatic-assisted extraction of polyphenol from cashew nut testa by using cellulase and pectinase
Electronic version:
30 Oct 2024
| DOI:
10.52997/jad.5.07.2024
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PDF (510.2K)
Abstract
A significant amount of cashew nut testa is removed during the processing of cashew kernels, resulting in many negative environmental impacts. The objective of this study was to valorize the cashew nut testa by enzymatic-assisted extraction of polyphenol using a mixture of cellulase and pectinase. A central composite design was employed to analyze the effects of extraction temperature from 41.6°C to 58.4°C, extraction pH from pH 3.2 to pH 4.8, and enzyme concentration from 0.03% to 0.37% (v/w) on extraction efficiency. A second-order response surface model was constructed to elucidate the effects of these independent variables on the response values of total phenolic content (TPC) and free radical scavenging activities [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays]. Regression analysis results showed that 91%, 88%, and 92% variations of the response variables of TPC, DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities can be explained by the models, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the predicted value for TPC was 164.26 (mg GAE/g DW), and the free radical scavenging activities according to DPPH and ABTS assays were 936.52 (µmol TE/g DW) and 1591.47 (µmol TE/g DW), respectively. The experimental results were consistent with the predicted values, demonstrating the suitability of the quadratic model and the success of the response surface method for optimizing the polyphenol extraction from cashew nut testa by using the enzyme mixture.