The essential role of vitamin C and E supplementation in enhancing growth, health, and body composition of aquaculture species
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Abstract
Vitamins C (L-ascorbic acid) and E (α-tocopherol) are essential micronutrients and antioxidants in feeds for various aquatic animals. This review compiles and analyzes the studies that focus on the effects and interactions between vitamins C and E on the growth, health, and body composition of different aquaculture species. As can be seen, vitamins C and E are indispensable nutrients for almost all aquaculture species. Information on their nutritional requirements and effects on aquatic animals has been examined and limited to several aquaculture species. Numerous studies have shown the vital roles of vitamins C and E in antioxidative functions. However, many other studies have also indicated that supplementing vitamins C and E in diets positively affects the growth performance, health, and body composition of aquaculture species. The review summarizes the documented findings related to the roles of dietary vitamins C and E in aquaculture. This study provides valuable information for nutritionists, feed mills, and other related institutions, as well as the effective use of these vitamins in the aquafeed industry.
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