This study aimed to identify suitable host plants for propagating Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) commonly found in durian rhizosphere soil in Cai Lay district, Tien Giang province. Durian root and rhizosphere soil samples were collected from orchards aged over 15 years post-harvest, where no fertilizer was applied for the subsequent season, and the predominant genus of AMF was selected for propagation. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) in a greenhouse, comprising four treatments, including three different host plants (Durio zibethinus Murr. - durian, Zea mays - maize, Sorghum sp. - sorghum), and a control treatment without a host plant. The results indicated that Glomus was the predominant genus of AMF in the durian rhizosphere soil, characterized by globose to subglobose spores with a smooth surface, ranging in color from light yellow to orange and yellow-brown, and a spore diameter ranging from 45 to 110 µm with 2 to 3 layers of spore wall. Overall, there was no significant difference in spore characteristics after one propagation cycle. The experiment suggested that maize and sorghum were suitable host plants for propagating the Glomus genus in durian rhizosphere soil, with AMF colonized root percentages of 87.79 and 93.93%, respectively. Notably, sorghum exhibited the highest increase in spore production, with the number of spores increasing by up to 66.16 times compared to before the experiment.

This study was carried out to evaluate the potential effects of organic acid and essential oil supplemented diets on growth performance and resistance to infection with Aeromonas hydrophila of snakehead fish (Channa striata). A total of 600 healthy snakehead fish (15 ± 2 g) were randomly divided into four experimental variants with three replicates, and fed diets supplemented with different levels of organic acid and essential oil (T1: 0 mL/kg of feed; T2: 2.5 mL organic acid/kg of feed; T3: 1.0 mL essential oil/kg of feed; and T4: 2.5 mL organic acid and 1 mL essential oil/kg of feed) for 10 weeks. At the end of the trial, the challenge test with Aeromonas hydrophila was conducted for 2 weeks. The results indicated that growth performance and survival rate of fish were not significantly improved by the organic acid and essential oil supplement (P > 0.05). However, there was a tendency to have an increased survival rate in treatments supplemented with the organic acid and essential oil. For the challenge test, the mortality rates in treatments supplemented with the combination of the organic acid and essential oil were lower and significant difference than those of the control treatment (P < 0.05). These results suggested that the organic acid and essential oil supplements in diets may help to improve health status of snakehead fish through reducing pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila in the intestinal tract.

The present study aimed to investigate the antibody titers to infectious bursal disease and histopathology of the bursa of Fabricius in broilers on field trips. A total of 225 Ross 308 chickens were randomly selected from ten farms with different diets and medical care programs. Birds were sacrificed at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days old to determine the bursa/body weight ratio. Bursal tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and used to evaluate bursa histological properties. Blood samples were analyzed by ELISA for the presence of antibody against infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus. Results showed that all birds had protective antibody titers against IBDV from 1 to 14 days old, except birds at day 14 of farms 3 and 5 (245.6 and 342.2, respectively). Likewise, no birds in this study were protective antibody titers against IBDV on day 28, except farms 6 and 10 (821.8 ± 452.2 and 425.1 ± 229.4, respectively). In the present study, the bursa weights of broilers gradually increased from 1 to 28 days old. At 28 days of age, the lowest bursa weight and bursa index were 1.61 g and 0.12%, respectively, while the highest ones were 2.70 g and 0.21%, respectively. The histopathological score of the bursa was not significantly different across all farms. In general, antibody titers against IBD and histopathological score of the bursa do not appear to be affected by dietary supplementation in broiler chickens under various husbandry practices examined in this study, therefore, it is difficult to explain whether feed supplementation on broiler farms can boost antibodies to IBD disease.

Vitamins C (L-ascorbic acid) and E (α-tocopherol) are essential micronutrients and antioxidants in feeds for various aquatic animals. This review compiles and analyzes the studies that focus on the effects and interactions between vitamins C and E on the growth, health, and body composition of different aquaculture species. As can be seen, vitamins C and E are indispensable nutrients for almost all aquaculture species. Information on their nutritional requirements and effects on aquatic animals has been examined and limited to several aquaculture species. Numerous studies have shown the vital roles of vitamins C and E in antioxidative functions. However, many other studies have also indicated that supplementing vitamins C and E in diets positively affects the growth performance, health, and body composition of aquaculture species. The review summarizes the documented findings related to the roles of dietary vitamins C and E in aquaculture. This study provides valuable information for nutritionists, feed mills, and other related institutions, as well as the effective use of these vitamins in the aquafeed industry.

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a vital crop used for various purposes, including food, feed, and raw materials. However, its production in Vietnam is being adversely affected by climate change, including changes in rainfall patterns, droughts, and saltwater intrusion. To address these challenges, improving crop diversity is essential to enhance yield, nutritional content, and stress tolerance. This study investigated the effects of 60Co gamma-ray irradiation on shoot regeneration from sweet potato shoot tips and nodal segments, followed by the detection of mutations in newly regenerated shoots. The experimental procedures included optimizing the in vitro culture medium and assessing the impact of varying doses of gamma irradiation on survival, mutation formation, and subsequent recovery across generations. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with 2 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.2 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), was found to be optimal for shoot regeneration. Gamma irradiation doses ranging from 0 to 90 Gy were applied. The results showed that the lethal dose 50 (LD50) was 59.3 Gy for nodal segments and 80 Gy for shoot tips. The highest regeneration and survival rates were observed at lower radiation doses (30 Gy), while a 50 Gy irradiation dose resulted in a morphological variation frequency of 8.97%, with the most diversified types of morphological variances. Numerous morphological variances including split leaves, chlorophyll loss, light leaf veins, wavy leaves, stems without apical meristems, and abnormal root proliferation, were observed at different rates after irradiation with 30, 50, or 70 Gy. Genetic analysis using Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers confirmed genetic differences between the variants and the mother plant, indicating the effectiveness of this approach in enhancing genetic diversity.

Bacterial wilt disease, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, causes significant loss to cucumber production in the Mekong Delta. In this study, the antibacterial activity of 95 strains against Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum strain T2C-Rasto was tested by the agar well method. Under laboratory conditions, three Trichoderma strains involving DN7.5, DN2.6, and DN30.7 showed strong inhibitory activity against Ralstonia pseusolanacearum strain T2C-Rasto with effectiveness of 74.29, 67.63, 67.63%, respectively. Under In vivo conditions, Trichoderma strain DN7.5 showed the highest effectiveness against Ralstonia pseusolanacearum strain T2C Rasto, reducing disease incidence by 26.67% after 14 days without affecting cucumber plant growth. The ITS (internal transcribed space) + 26S rRNA gene region of Trichoderma strain DN7.5 showed 98.13 - 98.38% sequence similarity with ITS sequence of Trichoderma asperellum strains (MF363050.1 - OM515036.1). Generally, Trichoderma strain DN7.5 has the potential for further research on the mechanisms of suppression against Ralstonia pseusolanacearum strain T2C-Rasto.

Today, with the development of science and technology, products using chemical-based fragrance, medicine have become increasingly popular, raising concerns about potential impacts human health. This study aimed to extract essential oils from native bamboo leaves (Bambusa vulgaris). In addition, the study identified the biological compounds in essential oils and preliminary assessed the total terpenoid content in the samples, using α-ionone as a standard solution for the determination procedure. The essential oil content was 19.50 ± 6.2 mg/100 g. The bamboo leaf essential oil extracted from the fine grinding samples exhibited antioxidant activity against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Total silicate of the bamboo’s hydrosol was 0.81 mg/L. Essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which identified a total of eight compounds. The components in essential oil were α-ionone, trans-β-ionone, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, farnesyl acetone, n-hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, phytol, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid. The total terpenoid content was 0.06% in the finely grinded samples.

Papaya ringspot virus W (PRSV W) is a common aphid transmitted potyvirus, seriously affecting cucurbit production worldwide. This study conducted field surveys to collect PRSV W infecting cucurbit crops in Cu Chi and Hoc Mon districts, two major vegetable-growing areas of Ho Chi Minh City. A total of 48 samples representing sponge gourd, cucumber, bottle gourd, wax gourd, bitter gourd, and pumpkin were collected and tested by indirect ELISA-based serological assay, which detected PRSV in four samples. The indirect ELISA-positive cucurbit samples were then subject to bioassay to identify the type of PRSV, followed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmation for the PRSV W type. Among all the symptomatic cucurbit samples collected and tested in this study, the highest incidence (27.3%) of PRSV W was recorded on the sponge gourd samples. The infected leaves’extracted total RNA was analyzed by RT-PCR with primer pairs SMK 8701(F)/3’UTR(R), and the PCR product was sequenced. The results revealed that the complete CP genome sequence of isolate PRSV W isolate HocMon (PRSV W-HM) was most closely related (polyprotein nt and aa identities of 93.3 and 95.1%, respectively) to the China isolate of PRSV W (GenBank KX6558741). Briefly, this study provides important insights for the accurate early diagnosis of PRSV W infection and developing effective disease control strategies to limit the spread of this virus isolate.

Sedimentation supplemented by flood is an essential source of soil nutrition in the lower Mekong River basin. This study evaluated the sediment deposited on fields during the 2022 flood season at the Plain of Reeds (PoR), Vietnam. The PoR is a region of soil with heavy acid sulfate. The selected research area was two provinces in PoR, Long An and Tien Giang. The dike system in this region comprises the complete-dyke and semi dyke. This study uses a new sediment trapping design to measure deposited sediment with particle sizes > 50 µm during the whole flooding season of 2022. Three location types were selected for measurement, including internal canal (InC), flat field (FF), and the raising bed (RB). We selected these three location types based on agricultural practices in this region. The deposited sediment in one flood season was at a mean of 1242.3 ± 1102.6 g/m2. There were observed differences between location types, in which the highest was found at the flat field upstream (2941.5 ± 500.8 g/m2), to the flat field downstream (1621.3 ± 141.2 g/m2), to the internal canal (987.5 ± 929.43 g/m2), and lowest at raising bed (119.2 ± 9.43 g/m2). Significant differences were found between the flat field upstream and the other three location types within the study area. Total N and P content of sediment were found at a mean of 9.08 ± 5.05 mg/g dry weight (dw) and 0.62 ± 0.21 mg/g dw, respectively. The data showed a significant amount of sediment, and its nutrient contents can be trapped during the flooding season in this semi-dyke system.

The objective of this study was to examine the abilities of Jussiaea repens L. in removing organic compounds, nitrogen and phosphorus from domestic wastewater under laboratory conditions. The experimental model consisted of four plastic tanks, each measuring 52 x 32 x 27.5 cm, labeled as NT1, NT2, and NT3 corresponding to 150, 300, and 450 g of Jussiaea repens L., respectively. The control tank contained only domestic wastewater without the plants. The input domestic wastewater parameters (mean ± standard deviation, n = 3) were as follows: pH = 6.66 ± 0.32, BOD5 (Biological oxygen demand) = 347.64 ± 39.60 mg/L, NH4+ = 27.53 ± 1.74 mg/L, NO3- = 2.23 ± 0.26 mg/L, and PO43- = 24.69 ± 1.27 mg/L. After twenty days of experimentation, the tank containing 450 g of plants achieved the highest treatment efficiencies for BOD5, NH4+ and NO3-, with respective efficiencies of 29.1, 24.2, and 43.8%. Regarding phosphate removal, the tank (NT2) using 300 g of plants achieved the highest treatment efficiency (by plants), with a reduction of 9.5% after 20 days.

Banana is a widely cultivated tropical fruit and one of Vietnam’s key export agricultural products. However, this fruit is difficult to preserve and is susceptible to anthracnose, a disease caused by fungi. The inclusion complexes (ICs) of cinnamon essential oil and lemongrass essential oil with β-cyclodextrin are safe and well-researched method for fruit preservation due to their anti-fungi properties. In this study, the cinnamon essential oil/β-cyclodextrin IC (CEO-β-CD) and lemongrass essential oil/β-cyclodextrin IC (LEO-β-CD) were used to preserve bananas and increase the physicochemical quality of bananas. The results showed that the CEO-β-CD at a dose of 2.5 mg per g of fruit had a better ability to maintain the physicochemical quality of bananas with the lowest weight loss (7.5%) and the highest firmness (3 N). The L* value, a* value, and b* value also demonstrated good quality bananas with few black spots. Moreover, the total soluble solid (TSS) of 6.5oBrix, the highest reducing sugar content of approximately 2.5 mg/g, and the vitamin C content of about 0.37 mg/100 g flesh exhibited that the CEO-β-CD at a reasonable concentration could be a potential preservative for preserving banana.

Monostroma nitidum,a green seaweed of the Ulvophyceae, remains underutilized despite its significant nutritional potential. In response to the growing global demand for healthy snack options, consumers are increasingly seeking innovative and nutrient-rich products. This research investigated the proximate composition of dried green seaweed and developed a nutritious snack. The most suitable conditions for steaming (90°C for 30 min) and air drying temperature (60°C) were determined based on sensory evaluation and texture analysis. The findings demonstrate that the developed seaweed-added snack is suitable for large-scale production, with processes aligned to practical manufacturing requirements. This innovative product is expected to introduce a new and healthy option to the snack market.

Xao tam phan (XTP) is a valuable medicinal plant native to Southeast Asia, particularly Vietnam. This plant is rich in bioactive compounds, primarily phenolics and saponins, which offers various therapeutic properties. A recent study optimized the extraction of these bioactive compounds from XTP stems using an enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). Response surface methodology determined optimal enzyme extraction conditions at 0.8% v/w enzyme concentration, 45°C, and 105 min. Combining ultrasound with enzyme treatment (U-EAE) proved most effective, increased total phenolic content (TPC) and total saponin content (TSC) by 1.23 and 3.27 times, respectively, compared to untreated samples. The U-EAE outperformed other methods (E-UAE, UES-AE, UAE, EAE) in extracting bioactive compounds.