Potential effects of organic acid- and essential oil-supplemented diets on growth performance and disease resistance against the Aeromonas hydrophila infection in snakehead fish (Channa striata)
,
,
,
, &
*
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the potential effects of organic acid and essential oil supplemented diets on growth performance and resistance to infection with Aeromonas hydrophila of snakehead fish (Channa striata). A total of 600 healthy snakehead fish (15 ± 2 g) were randomly divided into four experimental variants with three replicates, and fed diets supplemented with different levels of organic acid and essential oil (T1: 0 mL/kg of feed; T2: 2.5 mL organic acid/kg of feed; T3: 1.0 mL essential oil/kg of feed; and T4: 2.5 mL organic acid and 1 mL essential oil/kg of feed) for 10 weeks. At the end of the trial, the challenge test with Aeromonas hydrophila was conducted for 2 weeks. The results indicated that growth performance and survival rate of fish were not significantly improved by the organic acid and essential oil supplement (P > 0.05). However, there was a tendency to have an increased survival rate in treatments supplemented with the organic acid and essential oil. For the challenge test, the mortality rates in treatments supplemented with the combination of the organic acid and essential oil were lower and significant difference than those of the control treatment (P < 0.05). These results suggested that the organic acid and essential oil supplements in diets may help to improve health status of snakehead fish through reducing pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila in the intestinal tract.
Article Details
References
Addam, K. G. S., Pereira, S. A., Jesus, G. F. A., Cardoso, L., Syracuse, N., Lopes, G.R., Lehmann, N. B., Silva, B. C., Sa, L. S., Chaves, F. C. M., Martins, M. L., & Mourino, J. L. P. (2019). Dietary organic acids blend alone or in combination with an essential oil on the survival, growth, gut/liver structure and the hemato-immunological in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture Research 50(10), 2960-2971. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14250.
Alzahrani, O. M., Elumalai, P., Nada, H. S., Ahmed, A. A., Zaglool, A. S., Shawky, S. M., Alkafafy, M., & Mahboub, H. H. (2022). Pseudomonas putida: sensitive to various antibiotics, genetic diversity, virulence, and role of formic acid to modulate the immune-antioxidant status of the challenged Nile tilapia compared to carvacrol oil. Fishes 8(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8010006.
Baba, E., Acar, Ü., Ontas, C., Kesbiç, O. S., & Yılmaz, S. (2016). Evaluation of Citrus limon peels essential oil on growth performance, immune response of Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus challenged with Edwardsiella tarda. Aquaculture 465, 13-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.08.
Baghalian, A., Shahsavani, D., Roshanak, S., Alidadi, S., Paolucci, M., & Motlagh, H. A. (2023). Effects of dietary supplementation of peppermint extract on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, liver and intestine histopathology of Cyprinus carpio. Annals of Animal Science 23(4), 1191-1199. https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2023-0042.
Bondad-Reantaso, M. G., MacKinnon, B., Karunasagar, I., Fridman, S., Alday-Sanz, V., Brun, E., Groumellec, M. L., Li, A., Surachetpong, W., Karunasagar, I., Hao, B., Dall’Occo, A., Urbani, R., & Caputo, A. (2023). A review of alternatives to antibiotic use in aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture 15, 1421-1451. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12786.
Chen, J., He, S., Zhang, Z., Li, J., Zhang, X., Li, J., Xu, J., Zheng, P., Xian, J., & Lu, Y. (2024). Application of organic acid salts as feed additives in some aquatic organisms: potassium diformate. Fishes 9(3), 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9030085.
Chuchird, N., Rorkwiree, P., & Rairat, T. (2015). Effect of dietary formic acid and astaxanthin on the survival and growth of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and their resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus. SpringerPlus 4, 440. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1234-x.
Dawood, M. A., Koshio, S., & Esteban, M. Á. (2017). Beneficial roles of feed additives as immunostimulants in aquaculture: a review. Reviews in Aquaculture 10, 950-974. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12209.
Gheytasi, A., Shekarabi, S. P. H., Islami, H. R., & Mehrgan, M. S. (2021). Feeding rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, with lemon essential oil loaded in chitosan nanoparticles: effect on growth performance, serum hematoimmunological parameters, and body composition. Aquaculture International 29(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00741-2.
He, W., Rahimnejad, S., Wang, L., Song, K., Lu, K., & Zhang, C. (2017). Effects of organic acids and essential oils blend on growth, gut microbiota, immune response and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 70, 164-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.007.
Heshmatfar, F., Safari, R., Shabani, A., Heshmatfar, F., Safari, R., Shabani, A., Hoseinifar, S. H., Ghaffari, H., Shokohian, B., Ullah, M. R., & Siddik, S.M. (2023). The effects of combined or singular administration of formic acid and Pediococcus acidilactici on stress resistance, growth performance, immune responses and related genes expression in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Aquaculture Reports 29(1), 101474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2023.101474.
Hossain, A., Habibullah-Al-Mamun, M., Nagano, I., Masunaga, S., Kitazawa, D., & Matsuda, H. (2022). Antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and resistance genes in aquaculture: risks, current concern, and future thinking. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29(8), 11054-11075. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17825-4.
John, K. R., & George, M. R. (2012). Viruses associated with epizootic ulcerative syndrome: An update. Indian Journal of Virology 23(2), 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-012-0108-x.
Khoris, E. A., Belih, S. S., & Ahmed, A. (2024). Effect of formic acid and biotin supplementation on growth performance and survival of the carp fish challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 28(3), 541. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2024.358875.
Koh, C. B., Romano, N., Zahrah, A. S., & WingKeong, Ng. (2014). Effects of a dietary organic acids blend and oxytetracycline on the growth, nutrient utilization and total cultivable gut microbiota of the red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis sp., and resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae. Aquaculture Research 47(2), 1490-1500. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12492.
Lim, S. J., Jang, E., Lee, S. H., Yoo, B. H., & Kim, S. K. (2013). Antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from freshwater aquacultures and prediction of the persistence and toxicity of antimicrobials in the aquatic environment. Journal of Environment Sciences 48(6), 495-504. https://doi.org/10.1080 /03601234.2013.761911.
Liu, C., Li, K. B., Wang, Q., Chang, O. Q., Liang, H. L., Wang, F., Pan, D. B., Shi, C. B., & Wu, S. Q. (2012). Isolation, identification and characterization of Aeromonas schubertii from hybrid snakehead (Channa maculata♀× C. argus♂). Journal of Fisheries of China 36(7), 1119-1125. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1231.2012.27916.
Magouz, F. I., El-Din, M. T. S., Amer, A. A., Gewaily, M. S., El-Dahdoh, W. A., & Dawood, M. A. O. (2022). A blend of herbal essential oils enhanced the growth performance, blood bioimmunology traits, and intestinal health of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Annals of Animal Science 22(2), 751-761. https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2021-0066.
Monteiro, P. C., Brandao, F. R., Farias, C. F. S., Sebastiao, F. A., Majolo, C., Dairiki, J. K., Oliveira, M. R., Chaves, F. C. M., Sullivan, F. L. A., Martins, M. L., & Chagas, E. C. (2021). Dietary supplementation with essential oils of Lippia sidoides, ocimum gratissimum and Zingiber officinale on the growth and hematoimmunological parameters of Colossoma macropomum challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture Reports 19, 100561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100561.
Ngugi, C. C., Oyoo-Okoth, E., & Muchiri, M. (2017). Effects of dietary levels of essential oil (EO) extract from bitter lemon (Citrus limon) fruit peels on growth, biochemical, haemato-immunological parameters and disease resistance in Juvenile Labeo victorianus fingerlings challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture Research 48, 2253-2265. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13062.
Pham, T. H. H., Kim, D. H., Quach, T. C. V., Nguyen, P. T., & Nguyen, T. L. (2023). Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas schubertii causing internal white spot disease on snakehead fish, Channa striata, in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. World Aquaculture Society 54(5), 1260-1276. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12954.
Pulpipat, T., Heckman, T., Boonyawiwat, V., Kerddee, P., Phatthanakunanan, S., Soto, E., & Surachetpong, W. (2023). Concurrent infections of Streptococcus iniae and Aeromonas veronii in farmed Giant snakehead (Channa micropeltes). Journal of Fish Diseases 46(6), 629-641. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13774.
Rajendiran, A., Natarajan, E., & Subramanian, P. (2008). Control of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in spotted snakehead, Channa punctatus, by Solanum nigrum L., a medicinal plant. Journal of World Aquaculture Society 39(3), 375-383. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2008.00163.x.
Tu, T. D., Nguyen, B. T., & Le, M. K. (2019). Isolation, identification and characterization of Aeromonas schubertii causing internal white spot on snakehead fish (Channa striata) in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Journal of Science, Can Tho University 55(2B), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jvn.2019.049.
Wang, B., Thompson, K. D., Wangkahart, E., Yamkasem, J., Bondad-Reantaso, M. G., Tattiyapong, P., Jian, J., & Surachetpong, W. (2022). Strategies to enhance tilapia immunity to improve their health in aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture 15(1), 41-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12731.
Zhang, W., Zhao, J., Ma, Y., Li, J., & Chen, X. (2022). The effective components of herbal medicines used for prevention and control of fish diseases. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 126, 73-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.036.