Identification and antibiogram of Haemophilus parasuis circulating in pig farms in some southern provinces of Vietnam
Main Article Content
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) causes polyserositis in swine and is characterized by pneumonia, pleurisy, peritonitis, cardiomyopathy, arthritis and meningitis. To assess the current status of antibiotic resistance of HPS in industrial pig farms, 245 specimens were collected to isolate HPS on chocolate (PVX) supplemented with NAD. A total of 51/245 specimens had suspected HPS colonies (20.8%) and those colonies were subsequently identified by traditional methods (gram staining and biochemical tests) in combination with PCR using primers specific to a fragment of 275 bp of peptidase M1 gene. Twenty-one colonies (8.6%) were identified as HPS and then were tested for resistance to the nine antibiotics which are popularly used in swine farms. The results of the antibiogram showed that all of these HPS were multiresistant bacteria. The percentage of isolates resistant to 7 types, 6 types and 5 types of antibiotics was 33.33%, 28.6% and 23.8% respectively. Resistance rate was highest forty losin (91%), followed by tilmicosin (81%), tulathromycin (62%), enrofloxacin (62%), lincomycin/spectinomycin (57%), amoxicillin (52%), florfenicol (48%); ceftiofur (10%) and doxycycline (5%). These findings pose a big concernabout the antibiotic resistance of HPS in pigs and that measures should be taken soon to improve this situation.
Article Details
References
Aarestrup, F. M., Seyfarth, A. M., & Angen, Ø. (2004). Antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus parasuis and Histophilus somni from pigs and cattle in Denmark. Veterinary Microbiology 101(2):143-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.02.012
Amano, H., Shibata, M., Kajio, N., Morozumi, T. (1994). Pathologic observations of pigs intranasally inoculated with serovar 1, 4 and 5 of Haemophilus parasuis using immunoperoxidase method. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 56(4):639-644. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.56.639
APHA, (2016). Pig: disease surveillance reports. Animal and Plant Health Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/549113/pub-survrep-p0216.pdf.
Brockmeier, L. S., Halbur, G. P., & Thacker, L. E. (2002). Porcine respiratory disease complex. In Brogden, K. A., & Guthmiller, J. M. (Eds.). Polymicrobial Diseases (2nd ed.). Pennsylvania, USA: ASM Press and Washington (DC). https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555817947.ch13
Cai, X., Chen, H., Blackall, P. J., Yin, Z., Wang, L., Liu, Z., & Jin, M. (2005). Serological characterization of Haemophilus parasuis isolates from China. Veterinary Microbiology 111(3-4), 231-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.07.007
Chiu, X. H. (2017). Establishment of a PCR procedure for detection of Haemophilus parasuis in pigs (Unpublished bachelor’s thesis). Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Dayao, D. A. E., Gibson, J. S., Blackall, P. J., Turni, C. (2016). Antimicrobial resistance genes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Haemophilus parasuis and Pasteurella multocida isolated from Australian pigs. Australian veterinary journal 94(7), 227-231. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12458
Espinosa, I., Basez, M., Percedo, M. I., Martinez, S. (2013). Evaluation of simplified DNA extraction methods for Streptococcus suis typing. Rev Salud Anim 35(1), 59-63.
Fuente, A. J. M., Tucker, A. W., Navas, J., Blanco, M., Morris, S. J., & Martin, C. B. G. (2007). Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Haemophilus parasuis from pigs in the United Kingdom and Spain. Veterinary microbiology 120(1-2), 184-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.10.014
Hindler, J. A., Richter, S. S., Bernard, K., Jones, S. B., Castanheira, M., Citron, D. M., Couturier, M. R., Fritsche, T. R., Humphries, R. M., Jorgensen, J. H., Killian, S. B., Kohner, P., Matuschek, E., McDermott, P., & Patel, S. (2016). CLSI M45 - Methods for an-timicrobial dilution and disk susceptibility testing of infrequently isolated or fastidious bacteria (3rd ed.). Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Howell, K. J., Peters, S. E., Wang, J., Hernandez-Garcia, J., Weinert, L. A., Luan, S., Chaudhuri, R. R., Angen, Ø., Aragon, V., Williamson, S. M., Parkhill, J., Langford, P. R., Rycroft, A. N., Wren, B. W., Maskell, D. J., & Tucker, A. W. (2015). Development of a Multiplex PCR Assay for Rapid Molecular Serotyping of Haemophilus parasuis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53(12), 3812-3821. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01991-15
Hricinova, M., Holoda, E., Mudronova, D., & Ondrasovicova, S. (2010). Multiplex PCR assay for detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis in lung of pig from a slaughterhouse. Folia microbiol 55, 635-640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-010-0103-9
Lam, H. T. T. (2013). Pathological findings and prevalence of some co-infected bacteria in pigs affected by the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology 3, 22-28.
Lawrence, P., & Bey, R. (2015). Map-based comparative genomic analysis of virulent Haemophilus parasuis serovars 4 and 5. Journal of genomics 3, 59-71. https://doi.org/10.7150/jgen.10924
MacInnes, J. I., Gottschalk, M., Lone, A. G., Metcalf, D. S., Ojha, S., Rosendal, T., & Watson, S. B., & Friendship, R. M. (2008). Prevalence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinobacillus suis, Haemophilus parasuis, Pasteurella multocida, and Streptococcus suis in representative Ontario swine herds. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 72(3),242-248.
Markey, B., Leonard, F., Archambault, M., Cullinane, A., & Maguire, D. (2013). Haemophilus and Histophilus species. In Markey, B., Leonard, F., Archambault, M., Cullinane, A., & Maguire, D. (Eds). Clinical veterinary microbiology (2nd ed., 349-354). China: Mosby Elsevier.
Nedbalcova, K., Satran, P., Jaglic, Z., Ondriasova, R., Kucerova, Z. (2006). Haemophilus parasuis and Glässer’s disease in pigs: a review. Veterinarni Medicina 51(5), 168-179.
Nguyen, H. D. (2015). Some infectious diseases of live-stock in Mekong delta. National Conference on Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science in Can Tho, Vietnam: Agricultural Publishing House
Oliveira, S., & Pijoan, C. (2004). Haemophilus parasuis: new trends on diagnosis, epidemiology and control. Veterinary Microbiolog 99(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.12.001
Olvera, A., Calsamiglia, M., & Aragon, V. (2006). Genotypic diversity of Haemophilus parasuis field strains. Applied and environmental microbiology 72(6), 3984-3992. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02834-05
Reiner, G., Fresen, C., Bronnert, S., Haack, I. & Willems, H. (2010). Prevalence of Haemophilus parasuis infection in hunted wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Germany. European Journal of Wildlife 56, 815-818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-010-0409-6
Shryock, T. R., Apley, M., Jones, R. N., Lein, D. H., Thornsberry, C., Walker, R. D., Watts, J. L., White, D. G., & Wu, C. C. (2002). CLSI M31 - A2 - Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals (2nd ed.). Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Tang, X., Zhao, Z., Hu, J., Wu, B., Cai, X., He, Q., & Chen, H. (2009). Isolation, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of Pasteurella multocida strains from swine in China. Journal of clinical microbiology 47(4), 951-958. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02029-08
Teixeira, M. L., Kuchiishi, S. S., & Brandelli, A. (2011). Isolation of Haemophilus parasuis from diagnostic samples in the South of Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology 4, 122-125.
Tonpitak, W. (2010). Isolation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 15-like strain from a porcine tonsil in Thailand: A case report. The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine 40(3), 343-348.
Wang, Z., Zhao, Q., Wei, H., Wen, X., Cao, S., Huang, X., Wu, R., Yan, Q., Huang, Y., & Wen, Y. (2017). Prevalence and seroepidemiology of Haemophilus parasuis in Sichuan province, China. PeerJ 5, e3379.
Xu, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., Guo, L., Zhang, B., Feng, S., Zhang, L., & Liao, M. (2011). Antimicrobial susceptibility and PFGE genotyping of Haemophilus parasuis isolates from pigs in South China (2008-2010). Journal Veterinary Medicine Science 73(8), 1061-1065. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.10-0515
Zhao, Z., Wang, C., Xue, Y., Tang, X., Wu, B., Cheng, X., He, Q., & Chen, H. (2011). The occurrence of Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs with clinical respiratory disease. The Veterinary Journal 188(3), 337-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.05.022
Zhou, X., Xu, X., Zhao, Y., Chen, P., Zhang, X., Chen, H., & Cai, X. (2010). Distribution of antimicrobial re-sistance among different serovars of Haemophilus parasuis isolates. Veterinary Microbiology 141(1-2), 168-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.05.012