The forest structure and diversity of woody species in poor evergreen broadleaf natural forests located in Ninh Dien, Hoa Hoi, and Phuoc Vinh Communes of Tay Ninh province
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Abstract
Poor evergreen broadleaf natural forests constitute an important component of tropical forest ecosystems, playing a critical role in maintaining biodiversity and providing a foundation for sustainable forest restoration. This study aimed to assess stand structure, natural regeneration characteristics, and tree species diversity of poor evergreen broadleaf natural forests on lowland hills in Ninh Dien, Hoa Hoi, and Phuoc Vinh communes, Tay Ninh Province, as a scientific basis for forest management and restoration. A total of 47 tree species belonging to 24 families were recorded, with Dipterocarpaceae as the dominant family; Fabaceae, Sapindaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, and Malvaceae also contributed substantially to the stand composition. Five species of ecological importance were identified, including Vatica odorata, Hopea ferrea, Nephelium chryseum, Parinari annamensis, and Dipterocarpus costatus. The mean stand density was 516 trees/ ha, with an average growing stock of 84.5 m³/ha. Diameter distribution exhibited a left-skewed unimodal pattern described by the Weibull function, while height distribution followed a normal distribution, indicating an intermediate post-disturbance recovery stage with a relatively simple stand structure. Natural regeneration was abundant, with a density of 4,288 individuals/ha, dominated by seed-origin regeneration and primarily composed of native species. Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou evenness indices indicated a relatively balanced species composition without absolute dominance. Based on these findings, the study proposes silvicultural measures, including assisted natural regeneration, enrichment planting with native species, and long-term monitoring of forest dynamics, contributing to the restoration and sustainable management of natural forests in the study area.
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