The structural characteristics and diversity of tree species in the poor evergreen broad-leaved natural forests situated on mountainous terrain within the Dau Tieng protection forest in Tay Ninh province
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Abstract
Evergreen broad-leaved natural forests represent a critical component of tropical ecosystems, providing both timber resources and essential ecological services while maintaining biodiversity. This study aimed to analyze forest stand structure, tree species diversity, and natural regeneration potential as a scientific basis for sustainable management and conservation. The results recorded 75 tree species belonging to 59 genera and 38 families, with Dipterocarpaceae, Fabaceae, Tiliaceae, Annonaceae, Myrtaceae, and Sapindaceae being the most dominant families. Importance Value Index (IVI) analysis identified seven dominant and co-dominant species, including Dipterocarpus alatus, Grewia tomentosa, Dialium cochinchinensis, Syzygium cumini, Parinari annamensis, Vatica cinerea, and Nephelium hypoleucum. The average stand density reached 776 trees/ha with a timber volume of 85.2 m³/ha, primarily concentrated in the small diameter class (D1.3 < 20 cm) and height class of 5 - 15 m. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index indicated a moderate to high diversity level, and Pielou’s evenness index confirmed the absence of any single dominant species. The regeneration layer exhibited a high density of 6,100 seedlings/ha, mostly originating from seeds, with strong participation of Dipterocarpus alatus, Grewia tomentosa, Dialium cochinchinensis, Lagerstroemia calyculata, Syzygium cumini and Parinari annamensis. Notably, 11 rare, threatened, and endangered tree species were recorded, listed in the IUCN Red List 2025, Vietnam Red Data Book 2024, and Decree No. 84/2021/NĐ-CP. These findings provide essential scientific evidence for biodiversity conservation, assisted natural regeneration, and sustainable forest management in the Dau Tieng Protection Forest, Tay Ninh Province.
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