A retrospective study of myxomatous mitral valve disease: Prevalence and predisposing factors of affected dogs
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Abstract
Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) is the most common heart disease in small to medium-sized dog breeds (Dachshund, Miniature and Toy Poodles, Chihuahua, Pomeranian, Shih Tzu, Maltese…). The objective of this research was to study the prevalence of MMVD and predisposing factors of an affected population dogs in the Cardiology clinic at Thonglor International Pet Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic medical records of 151 dogs confirmed with MMVD were collected. Assessment criteria included signalments (breed, age, sex, and body weight); physical examination findings (clinical signs and heart murmur grades); subjective measurement findings on diagnostic imaging (vertebral heart score (VHS), left atrial to aorta ratio (LA/Ao), normalized left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (LVIDDN), normalized left ventricular internal diameter in systole (LVIDSN), and fractional shortening (FS)). The prevalence of MMVD in the study population was 33.4%. Based on The American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) consensus guidelines, the study population comprised 80 (53.0%) dogs in stage B1, 47 (31.1%) dogs in stage B2, and 24 (15.9%) dogs in stage C. The prevalence of the disease was higher in small-breed dogs over 10 years old. A high number of male dogs (58.9%) was affected by MMVD compared to female dogs (41.1%). Heart murmurs severity generally increased with disease stage. Coughing was the most common clinical sign, reported in 40.8% of MMVD population. Cardiomegaly (based on VHS), increased LA/Ao along with increased LVIDDN, and increased LVIDSN were significantly associated with ACVIM stages (P < 0.001).
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References
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