Exploring microalgae (Chlorophyta)-based desalination and open-system cultivation strategies
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Abstract
Saltwater intrusion presents a global challenge that adversely affects ecosystems, depletes freshwater resources, compromises human health, and hinders agricultural development. Therefore, the development of efficient desalination methods has become critically important. Among emerging solutions, microalgaebased desalination has gained significant attention due to its high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. This study summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms, influencing factors, and practical applications of microalgae (Chlorophyta) in desalination. Microalgae desalinate water mainly through two mechanisms: biosorption and bioaccumulation. Cultivation of microalgae can be employed in different photosynthetic bioreactors, in which open pond systems are particularly promising due to their scalability, low operational costs, and ability to harness solar energy. The application of microalgae for desalination addresses salinization and contributes to sustainable development goals by promoting ecological balance.
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