Prevalence of dermatophytosis and Malassezia infection in dogs and cats in Thonglor Bangkok Pet Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
,
, &
*
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Malassezia yeasts are occasional human and animal skin organisms that commensally act as pathogens, while dermatophytes are common fungi in many clinics and hospitals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dermatophytosis and Malassezia infections in dogs and cats, and the effect of treatments. The study was carried out from December 2022 to May 2023 in Thonglor Bangkok Pet Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Total 208 cases visited the hospital, in which 32 cases of otitis and 53 dermatitis were recorded. Sterile cotton swabs were used to collect the aural samples from 32 cases, then observed under the microscope to detect the presence and population of Malassezia yeasts. In 53 dermatitis cases, adhesive tape impressions (ATI) methods and fungal culture were used to identify the species of dermatophytes and Malassezia dermatitis. The results showed that Malassezia was isolated from 24 cases, including 23 Malassezia otitis and 1 Malassezia dermatitis. However, there was only one positive case with dermatophyte by two methods. Therefore, dermatophytosis could not be concluded due to the small number of positive cases. Meanwhile, Malassezia infection occurred mainly in dogs rather than cats at every age, and the infected rates were found more in exotic animals than in domestic animals and usually in males than females. The effect of treatments illustrated the significant improvement in Malassezia otitis by using Epiotic solution combined with Oridemyl ear drop. Moreover, great improvement was evident in dermatophytosis therapy with Itraconazole.
Article Details
References
Bajwa, J. (2019). Canine otitis externa - Treatment and complications. The Canadian Veterinary Journal 60(1), 97-99.
Begum, J., & Kumar, R. (2021). Prevalence of dermatophytosis in animals and antifungal susceptibility testing of isolated Trichophyton and Microsporum species. Tropical Animal Health and Production 53(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02476-3.
Bouza-Rapti, P., Karafylia, A., Tamvakis, A., & Farmaki, R. (2023). Comparison of adhesive tape impression cytology, hair plucks, and fungal culture for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats. Veterinary Sciences 10(183), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10030183.
Cafarchia, C., Gallo, S., Capelli, G., & Otranto, D. (2005). Occurrence and population size of Malassezia spp. in the external ear canal of dogs and cats both healthy and with otitis. Mycopathologia 160(2), 143-149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-005-0151-x.
Dhoot, K. D., Panchbhai, G. R. B., Chaudhari, S. V. U., & Kolangath, S. (2021). Prevalence of Malassezia infection in dogs of Nagpur City. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10(2), 2269-2273.
Diren, S., B., Metiner, K., Çelik, B., Başaran Kahraman, B., İkiz, S., Bağcıgil, A. F., Özgür, N. Y., & Ak, S. (2019). Dermatophytes isolated from dogs and cats suspected dermatophytoses in Istanbul, Turkey within a 15-year-period: An updated report. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 12(2), 116-121. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.495736.
Hill, P. B., Lo, A., Eden, C. a. N., Huntley, S., Morey, V., Ramsey, S., Richardson, C., Smith, D. J., Sutton, C., Taylor, M. D., Thorpe, E., Tidmarsh, R., & Williams, V. (2006). Survey of the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of dermatological conditions in small animals in general practice. Veterinary Record 158(16), 533-539. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.158.16.533.
Jarjees, K. I., & Issa, N. A. (2022). First study on molecular epidemiology of dermatophytosis in cats, dogs, and their companions in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Veterinary World 15(12), 2971-2978. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2022.2971-2978.
Kaufmann, R., Blum, S. E., Elad, D., & Zur, G. (2016). Comparison between pointof-care dermatophyte test medium and mycology laboratory culture for diagnosis of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats. Veterinary Dermatology 27(4), 284-e68. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12322.
Moriello, K. (2019). Dermatophytosis in cats and dogs: A practical guide to diagnosis and treatment. In Practice 41(4), 138-147. https://doi.org/10.1136/inp.l1539.
Moriello, K. A., Coyner, K., Paterson, S., & Mignon, B. (2017). Diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats: Clinical consensus guidelines of the world association for veterinary dermatology. Veterinary Dermatology 28(3), 266-268. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12440.
Nardoni, S., Mancianti, F., Corazza, M., & Rum, A. (2004). Occurrence of Malassezia species in healthy and dermatologically diseased dogs. Mycopathologia 157(4), 383-388. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MYCO.0000030416.36743.dd.
Negre, A., Bensignor, E., & Guillot, J. (2009). Evidencebased veterinary dermatology: A systematic review of interventions for Malassezia dermatitis in dogs. Veterinary Dermatology 20(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2008.00721.x.
O’Neill, D. G., Volk, A. V., Soares, T., Church, D. B., Brodbelt, D. C., & Pegram, C. (2021). Frequency and predisposing factors for canine otitis externa in the UK - A primary veterinary care epidemiological view. Canine Medicine and Genetics 8(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40575-021-00106-1.
Paryuni, A. D., Indarjulianto, S., & Widyarini, S. (2020). Dermatophytosis in companion animals: A review. Veterinary World 13(6), 1174-1181. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1174-1181.
Roy, J., Bédard, C., Moreau, M., & Sauvé, F. (2012). Comparative short-term efficacy of Oridermyl® auricular ointment and Revolution® selamectin spot-on against feline Otodectes cynotis and its associated secondary otitis externa. The Canadian Veterinary Journal 53(7), 762-766.
Sudipa, P. H., Gelgel, K. T. P., & Jayanti, P. D. (2021). Malassezia sp. infection prevalence in dermatitis dogs in Badung area. Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 5(2), 45-49. https://doi.org/10.24843/ATBES.2021.v05.i02.p02.
Swinney, A., Fazakerley, J., McEwan, N., & Nuttall, T. (2008). Comparative in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of commercial ear cleaners. Veterinary Dermatology 19(6), 373-379. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2008.00713.x.
Sykes, J. E., Nagle, T. M., & White, S. D. (2014). Malassezia infections. In Sykes, J. E. (Ed.). Canine and feline infectious diseases (570-573).
Missouri, USA: Elsevier Saunders. Tyler, S., Swales, N., Foster, A. P., Knowles, T. G., & Barnard, N. (2020). Otoscopy and aural cytological findings in a population of rescue cats and cases in a referral small animal hospital in England and Wales. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22(2), 161-167. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X19834969.