Sex reversal using 17 α-methyltestosterone immersion and its effect on sex reversal and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L., 1758)
,
,
,
, &
*
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the optimal dose of 17 α-methyltestosterone (MT) and stocking density using immersion method for maximum survival, masculinization rates and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The experimental design employed complete randomization including three concentrations of 17 α-methyltestosterone (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg/L) and three stocking densities of 500, 750, and 1000 fish/L and a control group, arranged in three replicates. The control groups consisted of 3 stocking densities of 500, 750, & 1000 fish/L and fish were kept in glass aquaria containing MT-free water. Fish were exposed to MT solution for 2 h, and the fish were then transferred to nursery in hapas in earthen ponds at a density of 1,000 fish/m2 for 60 days. After the hormone treatment and 60 days of rearing, the highest survival rate was found in the control group. The male ratios in the MT treatments ranged from 78.9 to 91.1% and were statistically higher than that in the control (55.1%) (P < 0.05). The most effective doses and stocking density in sex-reversal of the tilapia fry using immersion method were 2.0 mg 17 α-MT/L and 750 fish/L, respectively. The mean weight and length of fish in the MT treatments were greater than those in the control treatment, although the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The results also showed that the average weight of experimental fish was directly proportional to the hormone concentration but inversely proportional to the stocking density. Based on the study findings, the recommended dose for producing maximum mono-sex male tilapia is 2.0 mg 17 α-MT /L, and the most suitable stocking density is 750 fish/L.
Article Details
References
Alam, M. S., Roy, A., Shathi, S. B., Deb, S., Alam, M. S., & Mondal, M. N. (2023). Dose optimization of 17 α-methyltestosterone to maximize sex reversal of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 9(3), 377-384.
Andersen, L., Holbech, H., Gessbo, A., Norrgren, L., & Petersen, G. I. (2003). Effects of exposure to 17alpha-ethinylestradiol during early development on sexual differentiation and induction of vitellogenin in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C Toxicology Pharmacology 134(3), 365-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1532-0456(03)00006-1.
Duong, B. V., & Pham, T. A. (2006). Study on the effects of temperature and age on sex change results of Oreochromis niloticus tilapia by soaking 17α-methyltestosterone hormone (Unpublished master’s thesis). Vietnam Academy of Agriculture, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
El-Saidy, D. M. S. D., & Gaber, M. M. A. (2005). Effect of dietary protein levels and feeding rates on growth performance, production traits and body composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) cultured in concrete tanks. Aquaculture Research 36(2), 163-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01201.x.
El-Zaeem, S. Y., & Salam, G. M. (2013). Production of genetically male tilapia through interspecific hybridization between oreochromis niloticus and O. aureus. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 12(4), 802-812. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.15622916.2013.12.4.8.7.
Guerrero III, R. D., & Shelton, W. (1974). An acetocarmine squash method for sexing juvenile fishes. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 36(1). https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1974)36[56:AASMFS]2.0.CO;2.
Hossain, M. A., Sutradhar, L., Sarker, T. R., Saha, S., & Iqbal, M. M. (2022). Toxic effects of chlorpyrifos on the growth, hematology, and different organs histopathology of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 29(7), 103316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103316.
Jensi, A., Marx, K. K., Rajkumar, M., Shakila, R. J., & Chidambaram, P. (2016). Effect of 17 α-methyl testosterone on sex reversal and growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L., 1758). Ecology, Environment and Conservation 22(3), 1493-1498. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/id/eprint/13846.
Karaket, T., Reungkhajorn, A., & Ponza, P. (2023). The optimum dose and period of 17 α-methyl testosterone immersion on masculinization of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Aquaculture and Fisheries 8(2), 174-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaf.2021.09.001.
Karslı, Z. (2021). Effects of synthetic androgen (17α-methyltestosterone) and estrogen (17β-estradiol) on growth and skin coloration in emperor red cichlid, aulonocara nyassae (Actinopterygii: cichliformes: Cichlidae). Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 51(4), 357-363. https://doi.org/10.3897/aiep.51.70223.
Le, T. N. (2008). Evaluation of the masculinization efficiency of tilapia oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus by soaking in water mixed with 17 α methyltestosterone in Quang Nam (Unpublished master’s thesis). Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Lovshin, L. L. (1982). Tilapia hybridization. In Pullin, R. S. V., & Lowe McConnell, R. H. (Eds). The biology and culture of Tilapias (279-308). Manila, Philippines: ICLARM Conference Proceedings & International Center for Living Resources Management.
Mair, G. C., Abucay, J. S., Beardmore, J. A., & Skibinski, D. O. F. (1995). Growth performance trials of genetically male tilapia (GMT) derived from YY-males in Oreochromis niloticus L.: On station comparisons with mixed sex and sex reversed male populations. Aquaculture 137(1-4), 313-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)01110-2.
Prabu, E., Rajagopalsamy, C. B. T., Ahilan, B., Jeevagan, I. J. M. A., & Renuhadevi, M. (2019). Tilapia-An excellence candidate species for world aquaculture: A review. Annual Research & Review in Biology 31(3), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2019/v31i330052.
Pruginin, Y., Rothbard, S., Wohlfarth, G., Halevy, A., Moav, R., & Hulata, G. (1975). All-male broods of Tilapia nilotica × T. aurea hybrids. Aquaculture 6(1), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(75)90086-1.
Ridha, M. T. (2006). Comparative study of growth performance of three strains of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, L. at two stocking. densities. Aquaculture Research 37(2), 172-179. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01415.x.
Sultana, N., Khan, M. G. Q., Alam, M. S., & Hossain, M. A. R. (2020). Allelic segregation of sexlinked microsatellite markers in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and validation of inheritance in YY population. Aquaculture Research 51(5), 1923-1932. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.14543.
Varadaraj, K., & Pandian, T. J. (1987). Masculinization of oreochromis niloticus by administration of 17 α-methyl -5 and rosten 3β-diol through rearing water. Current Science 56, 412-413.
Wassermann, G. J., & Afonso, L. O. B. (2003). Sex reversal in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus) by androgen immersion. Aquaculture Research 34(1), 65-71. 65-71. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00795.x.