The Journal of Agriculture and Development

Effect of urban agriculture on the quality of urban life: A review

Thu, 26 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this research was to conduct an extensive literature review concerning the correlation between Urban agriculture and the quality of life of individuals residing in urban areas. Employing established systematic review protocols, the study gathered data from a wide array of renowned databases, such as Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The criteria for inclusion were determined based on the applicability to the themes of urban agriculture and quality of life, publication within the time frame of 2010 to 2022, and availability in the English language. The synthesis included a comprehensive examination of 20 scholarly papers that were peer-reviewed. The economic impacts suggest that urban agriculture has the capacity to produce earnings, decrease household food costs, and promote local economies. Urban agriculture actively encouraged community engagement, tackled social concerns, and nurtured interpersonal connections. In terms of health, urban agriculture played a role in ensuring food security and improving physical well-being. Urban agriculture’s environmental impacts include its beneficial influence on urban ecosystems, its reduction of carbon emissions as well as its efforts to combat air and noise pollution. Urban agriculture functioned as a cultural medium, facilitating the connection between persons and their ancestry, fostering agricultural expertise, and serving as a cultural hub. Negative externalities include resource exploitation, contamination as well as ecosystem disruption. This study offers an in-depth understanding of the many effects of urban agriculture on the quality of life of urban people. The analysis adds to the existing pool of information, providing insights into the potential of urban agriculture to improve several aspects of humans’ well-being in urban environments.

Evaluation of the incompatible prevalence by blood crossmatching tests in dogs

Nguyen Thi Thuong, Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa, Dinh Nguyen Khanh — Thu, 26 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Crossmatching is one of the most important tests before a transfusion in small animal practice, helping to reduce the risk of post-transfusion reaction in dogs with unknown or experienced blood transfusion history. In this study, crossmatching assessments were performed after washing and resuspending the collected blood. Two types of crossmatching methods was conducted: major crossmatching and minor crossmatching. Based on an agglutination reaction, crossmatching allows the detection of naturally occurring alloantibodies or alloantibodies produced as a consequence of sensitization. In this study, there were 10 incompatible cases in total of 26 cases of dogs taken to the veterinary hospital and Greyhounds (incompatible rate 38.46%). The results showed that higher proportions of incompatible cases were recorded in group of dogs from 1 to 5 years old (26.92%), body weight from 5 - 10 kg (19.23%), female (23.08%), foreign breeds (34.62%), commercial feed (34.62%) and in-house (23.08%). The dogs in the same house or neighborhood, there were 38 incompatible cases in the total of 134 cases (28.36)%), in which the highest proportion was found in dogs from 1 - 5 years old had (13.43%), female (15.67%), and foreign breeds (15.67%). In the management groups, in-house dogs had a lowerproportion of incompatibility with each other than cage-free dogs, with 2.24% and 26.12% respectively. Although the results indicated that age, body weight, gender, and breed did not affect the pre-transfusion crossmatching results, it is necessary to perform the crossmatching test before a transfusion to reduce the risk of hemolytic transfusion reactions in dogs.

Efficacy of toltrazuril and gleptoferron with dextran on the prevention of coccidiosis and iron deficiency anemia in suckling piglets

Nguyen Ba Toan, Huynh Vo An Khang, Nguyen Thi Thuong, Vo Phong Vu Anh Tuan — Thu, 26 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of injectable toltrazuril and gleptoferron (combined in one injectable product) in controlling coccidiosis and iron deficiency anemia in piglets. A total of 16 farrowing litters were assigned to 2 treatment groups, 8 litters per group. The piglets in the control group (conventional treatment) were injected with 1 mL of iron dextran (200 mg) and orally administered 1 mL of 5% toltrazuril at 2 days of age (DOA). In the treatment group, the piglets were injected with 1.5 mL of combined product (containing 200 mg of iron and 45 mg of toltrazuril), also at 2 DOA. The mean hemoglobin concentration of 2 DOA piglets in the control group (110.00 ± 17.20 g/L) was similar to that of the treatment group (104.60 ± 15.40 g/L) (P > 0.05). However, the mean hemoglobin concentration of the control group (103.30 ± 15.80 g/L) was lower than that of the treatment group (111.60 ± 16.00 g/L) at weaning (P < 0.05). Real-time PCR results did not detect oocysts in fecal samples except at 15 DOA. The threshold cycle (Ct) index in the control group at 15 DOA (34.36 - 34.79) was lower than that of the treatment group (35.07 - 36.98). Futhermore, the treatment group had a higher mean body weight at weaning and average daily gain (7.98 kg and 265.20 g/day) than that of the control group (7.40 kg and 225.60 g/day) (P < 0.001). In conclusion, combination product provided more benefits for suckling piglets, including controlling coccidiosis and significantly improving weight gain.

A field study on the evaluation of application of MB-1® live attenuated vaccine in broilers

Thu, 26 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The research aimed to evaluate the application of MB-1 vaccine at the hatchery to prevent Gumboro disease in commercial broilers. One hundred serum samples were randomly collected from commercial white broilers to examine infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibody titers. The surveyed chickens exhibited an average maternally derived antibody (MDA) level of 3,258 ± 1,551 (titers). At 36 and 42 days of age, IBDV antibody titers exceeded the protection level, with very high uniformity: 4,217 ± 911 and 4,413 ± 1,153 (titers), respectively. In addition, the humoral immune response to the ND vaccine is good with antibody titers of 3,180 ± 2,103 at 42 days of age. IBDV of MB-1 vaccine was detected in bursa from 15 days of age and persisted until the last sample was taken at 36 days of age. The bursa lesion scores (BLS) were at normal ranges, gradually increasing from 1 to 2.8 between 18 and 36 days of age. The bursa index (BI) was highest when the chicken was at 15 days old (0.23%) and decreased to the lowest (0.06%) when the chicken was at 36 days old. In summary, the use of MB-1 vaccine in the hatchery has shown early localization of the MB-1 vaccine virus in the bursa, provided a strong immune response to IBDV without affecting the humoral immune response to the ND killed vaccine, and was safe for the bursa when applied to commercial broilers at the hatchery.

Identification and characterization of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from durian growing soil in the Central Highlands, Vietnam

Thu, 26 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Durian cultivation is being developed and expanded in the Central Highlands because of its high economic value. The farmers commonly apply pesticides and chemical fertilizers to control diseases and help durian plants growth. However, an alternate approach, using biological products from microorganisms is a sustainable direction for durian cultivation. In particular, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is widely used in many countries to support crops and increase productivity. This study aimed to isolate native Pseudomonas strains from durian orchards in the Central Highlands and investigate some of their characteristics affecting the growth of durian trees. As a result, four bacterial isolates were identified by morphology, biochemical analysis, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis, including TD-Dak Lak, DN-Lam Dong, T1-Dak Nong, and DT-Gia Lai belonging to P. fluorescens, P. mosselii, P. monteilii, and P. putida. The survey of nitrogen fixation, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, siderophore, and phosphorus solubilization abilities of the four strains showed that all of them were capable of N2 fixation (3.03 to 3.69 mol/mL), IAA production (11.63 to 54.88 μg/mL), solubilizing phosphate (1.43 to 2.26 cm halo ring), and siderophore production. Three strains of P. putida, P. fluorescens, and P. monteilii increased the germination length of durian seeds by 13.6%, 12.2%, and 9.2%, respectively. All four Pseudomonas strains increased plant height from 4.25 to 5.66 cm, and the average number of leaves varied from 2.4 to 3.2 leaves, compared to 1.5 leaves in the control at 90 days. The results indicate that four P. fluorescens (TD-Dak Lak), P. putida (DT-Gia Lai), P. mosselii (DN-Lam Dong), and P. monteilii (T1-Dak Nong) were beneficial biological agents that can promote the growth and development of durian trees.

Effect of growth regulators and culture conditions for micropropagation of Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv) on a temporary immersion system

Thu, 26 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Ngoc Linh ginseng is a valuable medicinal crop recognized for its anti-amnesia, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and anti-cancer properties. This study was to investigate the variation effect of growth regulators and culture conditions for micropropagation of Ngoc Linh ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) on a temporary immersion system. After ten weeks of cultivation, the best callus induction rate in a solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 1.5 mg/L was 90%. Callus cultured on MS medium (indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 0.7 mg/L) supplemented with Thidiazuron (TDZ) 0.8 mg/L resulted in the highest embryogenesis rate, reaching 69.29%, with an average of 11.25 embryos per explant. The MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) 1 mg/L and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) 1 mg/L was shown to be appropriate for shoot growth from Ngoc Linh ginseng embryos. The temporary immersion system showed that with a 6-benzyladenine acid (BA) concentration of 1.5 mg/L for 3 min of immersion, the greatest value for shoot number was 6.00 shoots/explant, and the height was 2.70 cm. Roots developed best at a treatment with a 5 min of immersion and NAA 1 mg/L concentration, root formation frequency, and root length reaching values of (71.25%; 1.61 cm). As a result, the temporary immersion system (TIS) system can be used for high-efficiency in vitro propagation of Ngoc Linh ginseng plants.

Plant growth promoting and biocontrol efficacy of Pseudomonas spp. for tomato root rot disease caused by Fusarium solani

Thu, 26 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Root rot disease in tomatoes caused by Fusarium solani is one of the most serious diseases and causes severe problems in all tomato growing regions. Pseudomonas is a genus of bacteria capable of synthesizing valuable active compounds, promoting plant growth, and controlling disease-causing fungi. This study aimed to evaluate the plant growth- promoting potential of selected bacterial strains from the Pseudomonas genus and their ability to prevent the occurrence of Fusarium solani, the fungus responsible for tomato root rot disease. In vitro experiments were conducted to assess the characteristics and effects related to plant growth promoting of the tested Pseudomonas strains. The antagonistic capability of the bacteria against the fungi was also evaluated by measuring mycelial growth inhibition. Greenhouse conditions were used to evaluate the effectiveness of Pseudomonas as a soil treatment for plant growth promoting and reducing the severity of tomato root rot disease. The results demonstrated a positive influence of Pseudomonas spp. on the growth and development of tomato plants, with Pseudomonas spp. PN05 exhibited the most significant impact. Moreover, both strains Pseudomonas spp. PN02 and PN05 exhibited inhibitory effects on F. solani in vitro and under greenhouse conditions, limiting root rot disease in tomato plants with a control efficiency ranging from 48.3 to 62.2%.

Effect of plant growth regulators and drought duration on physiology, growth and yield of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) at the pod growth stage

Thu, 26 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

During the pod growth stage, soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) are very susceptible to drought. The research was carried out to investigate the extent of damages by different durations of drought on soybean plants during pod growth, and the capabilities of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) to mitigate these damages. The two-factor experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, including 12 treatments with 3 replications. Factor A was the drought durations: 0 days (D0), 4 days without irrigation (D4), 8 days without irrigation (D8); and factor R was the PGR treatments: water (W), salicylic acid (SA), brassinolide (BR), and gibberellic acid GA3 (GA). Results showed that no differences in plant growth and development due to drought durations or PGRs were observed. However, longer drought durations severely reduced the yield by about 83.8% compared with control. Among the three PGRs used, brassinolide was most effective in mitigating drought stress effects on soybean plants, improving the total number of firm pods (35.0 pods), firm seeds (70.8 seeds), the weight of 100 seeds (16.6 g), and productivity (195.9 g). However, spraying brassinolide did not affect the protein, proline, and pigment contents.

Effects of salinity concentrations at different stages on growth, yield and grain quality of ST24 rice variety in pot-planted condition

Thi Thuy Duong Pham, Nguyen Thanh Phuong, Minh Duy Pham, Bui Minh Tri — Thu, 26 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Saltwater intrusion has posed a complex and detrimental impact on rice cultivation in the Mekong Delta. The ST24 is the rice variety with prominent quality, which is being admired by both domestic and international markets. The assessment of salt tolerance at various growth stages aids farmers in minimizing losses during cultivation. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of salinity concentrations and stages on growth, yield and rice quality of ST24 rice variety in the Summer-Autumn crop in 2023. The rice plants were grown in pots and placed in a greenhouse throughout the experiment. A two-factor experiment was arranged in a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor included three salinity concentrations: 2‰, 4‰, and 6‰, while the second factor comprised three growth stages: the seedling stage, tillering stage, and heading stage. The results indicated that the concentrations and stages of salinization significantly affected the growth, yield and grain quality of ST24 rice variety. The growth parameters tended to decrease as the salinity concentrations increased. The actual yield reached 220.1, 113.5, 46.2 g/plot at salinity concentrations of 2‰, 4‰ and 6‰, respectively. The yield of rice plants was least affected by salinity at the seedling stage (252.8 g/plot) and were most severely affected by salinity at the heading stage (46.8 g/plot). Increasing salinity from 2‰ to 6‰ did not affect gelatinization (at level 2.0), but reduced the size of grains.

Fertilizer practices and soil properties in durian orchards during the fruit-bearing stage: A case in Cai Lay district, Tien Giang province

Thu, 26 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to assess the fertilizer practices during the fruitbearing stage of durian cultivation. A total of 60 durian farmers in Cai Lay district were interviewed using structured questionnaires. Subsequently, 20 soil samples (0 - 50 cm) were collected from durian orchards post-harvest to analyze basic physical-chemical properties. Findings revealed substantial variation in fertilizer utilization among durian orchards in the Cai Lay district, Tien Giang province, with 68.18% employing imported organic fertilizers. The application of inorganic fertilizers displayed an imbalanced pattern, notably characterized by excessive phosphorus supplementation. Primary use of inorganic fertilizers was in the form of multi-macronutrient (NPK) formulations, strategically applied during critical developmental stages, including new shoot emergence, flowering, and fruit development. The practice of incorporating lime, applied as limestone directly to the soil surface post-harvest, combined with extensive chemical fertilizer use, led to be acidic to very acidic soil. The soil analysis indicated that the soil in the durian orchards prominently exhibited a heavy mechanical composition classified as clay, clay loam and loam. Despite farmers’ attention to applying organic fertilizer on durian, the content of organic matter in the soil remained low (1.4 - 3.8%). The soil in the study area demonstrated varying levels of total and available nutrients, with total nitrogen ranging from 0.15% to 0.25%, total potassium (K₂O) from 1.7% to 1.9%, and exchangeable K from 0.4 to 0.8 meq/100 g. Additionally, exchangeable calcium ranged from 5.5 to 9.5 meq/100 g, and exchangeable magnesium from 1.7 to 3.7 meq/100 g. The phosphorus content was notably high, with total phosphorus ranging from 0.13% to 0.23% and available phosphorus from 39.4 to 81.6 mg/100g. Cation exchange capacity varied from low to medium, spanning from 11.6 to 19.8 meq/100 g.

Gelation of Pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) minced muscle by high pressure processing: The effects on selected qualities

Truong Quang Binh, Nguyen Thi Hien — Thu, 26 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study evaluated the changes of Pangasius hypophthalmus protein under high-pressure processing (HPP), focusing on key parameters such as color, gel structure, water-holding capacity (WHC), protein solubility, and mechanical properties to determine optimal conditions for improving product quality. Pangasius muscle were minced and subjected to pressures ranging from 100 to 600 MPa, at temperatures between 0 - 30°C, and for 0 - 15 min. The processed samples were then analyzed for color, gel texture, gel strength, WHC, protein solubility, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results showed that treatment at 400 - 450 MPa enhanced the whiteness of Pangasius gels, improved microstructural texture, and increased water-holding capacity (WHC). In contrast, processing at 500 MPa at 30°C for 12.5 min reduced structural stability, led to the formation of porous networks, and decreased protein solubility. The gel’s mechanical properties were optimal at 400 - 450 MPa but reduced the hardness at 500 MPa. Overall, the conditions of 400 - 450 MPa, 20 - 30°C, and 10 - 15 min were identified as optimal for enhancing Pangasius gel quality.